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3,000 Agniveers Prove Their Mettle in Operation Sindoor’s Air Defence Battles

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In a remarkable display of courage and competence, 3,000 Agniveers—young soldiers aged barely 20 and recruited under the Agnipath scheme—stood at the frontlines of India’s air defence during the intense four-day Operation Sindoor, launched in response to the Pahalgam terror attack that killed 26 civilians. These Agniveers, trained within the last two years, were deployed across India’s western front and played a crucial role in thwarting Pakistan’s aggressive aerial assault involving missiles, drones, and loitering munitions between May 7 and 10, 2025.

Operating in critical trades such as gunners, fire control operators, radio operators, and missile transport drivers, the Agniveers manned advanced weapon systems, including upgraded L-70s, Pechora, Schilka, OSA-AK, Strela, and the Akash surface-to-air missile system. Many of them took down targets using shoulder-fired missiles and manned integrated nodes of the newly inducted Akashteer system—India’s indigenous air defence control and reporting network.

Akashteer, which forms a vital layer of the army’s air defence grid, allowed seamless detection, tracking, and interception of enemy threats. It was fully integrated with the Indian Air Force’s Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), enabling fast and coordinated retaliation. This integration helped neutralize attacks aimed at strategic locations including Amritsar, Jammu, Chandigarh, and Bhuj, among others.

The Agniveers not only operated complex systems but also took on multiple roles such as communication handlers and sentries, showcasing their versatility under fire. Despite the short tenure and limited benefits offered under the Agnipath scheme—often a topic of political and public debate—the performance of these recruits during Operation Sindoor earned widespread praise from within the defence establishment. Frontline commanders confirmed their performance matched that of seasoned regulars.

Pakistan’s aerial onslaught, which included Chinese PL-15 missiles and Turkish-origin drones, was repelled in layers by India’s multi-tier air defence shield, which also deployed S-400s and the Samar retaliation system. Pakistan’s attempt to target the Golden Temple in Amritsar was also successfully foiled by India’s defence grid.

Operation Sindoor saw India strike back with precision against nine major terror camps and multiple Pakistani military installations, marking the most devastating blow to Pakistan since the 1971 war. In this historic moment, the Agniveers proved not only the value of their training but also redefined their role in India’s military future.

India Declares Pakistani Official Persona Non Grata, Asked to Leave Within 24 Hours

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The Government of India has declared a Pakistani official at the Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi as persona non grata for engaging in activities deemed incompatible with their diplomatic status. The official has been ordered to leave the country within 24 hours, according to a statement issued by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on Wednesday evening.

“The Government of India has declared a Pakistani official, working at the Pakistan High Commission in New Delhi, persona non grata for indulging in activities not in keeping with his official status in India,” the MEA stated. A formal demarche was delivered to the Charge d’Affaires of the Pakistan High Commission, urging compliance with diplomatic norms and warning against further abuse of privileges granted under international conventions.

This is the second such diplomatic expulsion in May 2025. On May 13, another Pakistani High Commission staffer was expelled on similar grounds, further worsening ties between the two South Asian neighbors. These moves come amid a broader deterioration in relations following the April 22 terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, which killed 26 people, including Hindu and Christian tourists and a local Muslim resident.

India attributes the Pahalgam attack to Pakistan-based terror outfits, specifically Lashkar-e-Taiba. In response, the Indian military launched Operation Sindoor on May 6-7, conducting 24 missile strikes over a span of 25 minutes on terror camps and supporting infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK). Over 100 militants were reportedly killed, and 11 Pakistani air bases suffered damage. The Indian government emphasized that the strikes were carried out with “calibrated restraint” to minimize civilian casualties.

Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia described the operation as a “war to end terrorism,” highlighting the government’s resolve under Prime Minister Narendra Modi to eliminate threats at their source. In the days following Operation Sindoor, India successfully intercepted retaliatory Pakistani missile and drone strikes targeting 15 cities across the northern and western parts of the country.

Investigations into the Pahalgam attack have pointed to key Lashkar-e-Taiba figures believed to be in Pakistan, including Hafeez Saeed and Saifullah Kasuri, while Hashim Moosa is suspected to be hiding in south Kashmir. The Jammu and Kashmir Police have announced a ₹2,000,000 reward for information leading to the capture or elimination of those involved.

This latest diplomatic development is part of a wider escalation rooted in the longstanding Kashmir dispute, which has fueled military and terrorist conflicts since the first Indo-Pak war in 1947-48. Incidents such as the 2016 Uri attack and the 2019 Pulwama bombing continue to cast long shadows over bilateral relations. India’s recent extradition of Tahawwur Rana, convicted for involvement in the 2008 Mumbai attacks, underscores New Delhi’s hardened posture on cross-border terrorism.

India has briefed the UN Security Council on Operation Sindoor, framing it as a proportionate counterterrorism measure light of the Pahalgam attack. Meanwhile, nationwide security drills have been held across 244 districts to prepare for any further escalation, signaling the seriousness with which New Delhi views the current crisis.

Lt Gen Anindya Sengupta Inspects Operational Readiness of Golden Key Gunners and Sabse Aagey Brigade in Dehradun

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Lieutenant General Anindya Sengupta, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of the Indian Army’s Central Command, conducted a comprehensive inspection of the operational and logistical preparedness of the Golden Key Gunners and the 116th Infantry Brigade, popularly known as the Sabse Aagey Brigade, in Dehradun. The visit is part of the Indian Army’s sustained efforts under the ‘Year of Defence Reforms’ to modernize its forces and enhance combat readiness.

During the visit, Lt Gen Sengupta closely reviewed the facilities at the Drone Training Lab, a pivotal unit supporting the Army’s push for technological absorption and innovation. He was briefed on the formation’s strides in adopting advanced tools such as drones, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Addressing officers and personnel, the Army Commander emphasized the growing role of technology in modern warfare and encouraged all ranks to upskill and adapt to evolving combat requirements.

The 116th Infantry Brigade, with a distinguished lineage tracing back to World War II under the British Indian Army, continues to lead the way in operational agility and modern military practices. Likewise, the Golden Key Gunners remain integral to Central Command’s modernization roadmap, aligning with the Army’s long-term vision of self-reliance and indigenization in defense systems.

Lt Gen Sengupta’s visit reflects the priorities of the Indian Army’s ‘Decade of Transformation’ (2023–32), which builds upon milestones achieved during the 2023 ‘Year of Technology Absorption.’ The roadmap includes deepening collaborations with Indian academia, defense startups, and industries to boost indigenous capabilities in surveillance, logistics, and strike precision.

Commending the professionalism and dedication of the troops, the Army Commander urged the formations to maintain the highest standards of readiness. He referenced lessons from contemporary global conflicts, noting that hybrid warfare, rapid technological shifts, and non-conventional threats require a dynamic and forward-thinking defense strategy.

The visit also marks Lt Gen Sengupta’s continued engagement with frontline formations following his inspection of the Ibex Brigade in October 2024. His review in Dehradun underscores Central Command’s resolve to ensure that formations across varied terrains—from high-altitude Himalayan sectors to the complex Northeast—remain fully prepared and technologically empowered to meet emerging security challenges.

Lt Gen Abhijit S Pendharkar Reviews Preparedness at Likabali

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Lieutenant General Abhijit S Pendharkar, General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the Indian Army’s Spear Corps, conducted a strategic review of operational preparedness at forward locations in Arunachal Pradesh, with a special focus on leveraging drone technology to bolster battlefield efficiency. The visit took place at the Likabali Military Station, a key outpost in India’s northeastern frontier.

The inspection highlighted the Indian Army’s ongoing efforts to modernize warfare capabilities and maintain high levels of readiness along sensitive border areas. Lt Gen Pendharkar stressed the importance of adopting cutting-edge technology, particularly through the newly established Drone Excellence Centre at Likabali, which has been pivotal in training drone pilots and fostering innovation within the armed forces.

Established earlier this year, the Drone Excellence Centre is part of a larger vision to enhance surveillance and combat readiness in Arunachal Pradesh’s rugged and forested terrain. The facility is designed to equip soldiers with skills in operating First Person View (FPV) drones, which have been shown to increase reconnaissance effectiveness by up to 40%, according to a 2024 study published in the Journal of Defense Technology.

Lt Gen Pendharkar also reviewed indigenous drone fabrication projects underway within the Corps, encouraging a culture of self-reliance and innovation in line with the Indian Army’s 2025 “Year of Reforms” initiative. Since assuming command in August 2024, his leadership has emphasized adaptability and preparedness in addressing emerging threats along the border.

The strategic relevance of Arunachal Pradesh was underscored during the March 2025 seminar “Resurgent Arunachal: Integrated Approach to Security and Development,” held at Likabali. The event advocated for a balanced approach to border security and socio-economic growth, a perspective that resonates with the Spear Corps’ broader mission.

The Corps’ increased focus on drone technology also reflects the region’s complex security dynamics. Ongoing ethnic unrest in neighboring Manipur and spillover effects from Myanmar’s civil conflict have heightened the need for precise, agile operations. The integration of drone systems is expected to significantly improve situational awareness and operational response in such volatile conditions.

Lt Gen Pendharkar’s visit reaffirms the Indian Army’s dedication to defending its northeastern borders through a blend of technological innovation and field-ready operational excellence. The efforts of the Spear Corps stand as a testament to India’s evolving defense capabilities in a challenging geopolitical environment.

Himachal’s Agniveer Naveen Kumar Dies in Kargil Landslide While on Duty

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A 25-year-old Agniveer from Himachal Pradesh, Naveen Kumar, lost his life in a tragic landslide while on duty in the Drass sector of Kargil on May 20. Officials confirmed that the young soldier was serving with the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles under the Agnipath recruitment scheme.

Naveen Kumar hailed from Halun village in Thural Panchayat of Kangra district. His mortal remains are expected to arrive at his native village on Thursday, where his final rites will be conducted with full military honors.

Vandana Kumari, the Pradhan of Thural Panchayat, confirmed the tragic news and expressed heartfelt condolences on behalf of the entire village. “We were informed by a local soldier. The entire village stands united with the bereaved family,” she said.

Naveen had joined the Army two years ago through an open recruitment rally as part of the Agnipath scheme. Coming from a family with a proud military background, he followed in the footsteps of his father, Rajmal, a Havildar in the 13 JAK Rifles, who passed away four years ago due to cancer.

Family members shared that Naveen had spoken to his mother on the morning of May 19, just a day before the fatal incident. His last visit home was in July 2024.

The news of his death was conveyed to the family by a fellow soldier on Tuesday evening, leaving the entire village in mourning.

Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu and Deputy Chief Minister Mukesh Agnihotri expressed deep sorrow over the loss of Agniveer Naveen Kumar. In official statements, both leaders conveyed their condolences to the grieving family and lauded Naveen’s sacrifice, praying for strength and peace for his loved ones during this difficult time.

NCC Cadets Visit Trishul War Memorial in Ladakh to Honor Fallen Soldiers

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A contingent of 325 cadets from the 1st Ladakh National Cadet Corps (NCC) Battalion paid a solemn visit to the Trishul War Memorial in Karu, Ladakh, to honor the Indian Army soldiers who laid down their lives in defense of the nation. The visit, facilitated by the Indian Army’s Fire and Fury Corps, sought to deepen the cadets’ understanding of Ladakh’s military legacy and instill a sense of duty and patriotism.

The Trishul War Memorial stands as a powerful symbol of sacrifice and service, dedicated to the personnel of the Trishul Division, which was formed in the aftermath of the 1962 war with China. The memorial, currently undergoing renovations supported by the Maharashtra government, includes a museum that displays artifacts and narratives from key military engagements, including battles fought along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).

During the visit, the cadets were introduced to significant moments in India’s military history, such as the 1967 confrontation with China in Sikkim, where Indian forces successfully repelled a Chinese incursion, and the 2020 Galwan Valley clash that resulted in the loss of 20 Indian soldiers. The stories of heroism and resilience left a deep impression on the cadets, many of whom expressed a renewed pride in the Indian Army and a strengthened commitment to national service.

Set against Ladakh’s stark and rugged landscape, the Trishul War Memorial visit offered a meaningful opportunity for the young cadets to reflect on the immense challenges and sacrifices involved in defending the nation’s remote frontiers. The experience also highlighted the continued importance of military readiness in the region.

The memorial has gained increased attention in recent years, particularly after the Maharashtra government allocated Rs 3 crore in 2023 for its renovation. The initiative, led by Deputy Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, aims to modernize the site without compromising its historical significance, ensuring that it remains a source of inspiration for future generations.

The event comes amid ongoing tensions along the LAC with China, reaffirming Ladakh’s critical role in India’s national security. Infrastructure developments like the Darbuk-Shyok-DBO Road have further underscored the area’s strategic value. In this context, the NCC cadets’ visit serves not only as a tribute to the past but also as a reminder of the continued vigilance required to protect India’s borders.

India Rejects Pakistan’s Accusations Over Khuzdar Attack

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India has strongly denied Pakistan’s accusations linking it to a deadly suicide attack on a school bus in Balochistan’s Khuzdar district earlier today. The incident, which claimed the lives of three children and two adults, prompted Pakistan’s military media wing to allege that the attack was “planned and orchestrated” by India.

In a sharp response, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs, through its official spokesperson Shri Randhir Jaiswal, dismissed the allegations as “baseless” and accused Pakistan of engaging in a habitual blame game to cover up its domestic crises. “In order to divert attention from its reputation as the global epicenter of terrorism and to hide its own gross failings, it has become second nature for Pakistan to blame India for all its internal issues,” Jaiswal said.

The Khuzdar attack targeted a bus transporting students to an army public school. No militant group has claimed responsibility so far, though the region has seen repeated violence by separatist outfits, especially the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), which has a history of similar attacks.

India also conveyed its condolences to the victims’ families but criticized Islamabad for politicizing a tragic event. Jaiswal warned that Pakistan’s continued attempts to “hoodwink the world” with unsubstantiated claims would not succeed, particularly when the international community is increasingly aware of Pakistan’s record of harboring terror groups.

This latest diplomatic clash follows rising tensions between the two nations. In April 2025, a terror strike in Indian-administered Kashmir killed 26 people. India held Pakistan-based militants responsible and responded with missile strikes on May 7 targeting alleged terrorist camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Pakistan, in turn, claimed 31 civilian casualties from the strikes and pledged retaliation.

The incident in Khuzdar fits into a broader narrative of long-standing Pakistani accusations against India regarding alleged interference in Balochistan. India has consistently denied such involvement and instead points to Pakistan’s documented history of supporting terrorism on Indian soil, including the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

Analysts suggest that Islamabad’s quick attribution of blame may be an attempt to shift focus from its deepening internal problems, including widespread unrest in Balochistan and persistent economic instability. In 2024, Pakistan secured a $7 billion loan from the IMF amid soaring inflation and fiscal distress.

India reiterated its call for Pakistan to dismantle terror infrastructure operating from its territory, a demand long supported by the global community.

Top Maoist Leader Nambala Keshava Rao Killed in Narayanpur Encounter; 30 Naxals Neutralised

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In one of the most significant counterinsurgency operations in recent years, top CPI(Maoist) leader Nambala Keshava Rao, alias Basavraj, was killed along with an estimated 27–30 other Maoists in a joint intelligence-based operation carried out by security forces in the dense forested region of Narayanpur district.

Government sources confirmed that the operation, ongoing for the past three days, targeted a high-level Maoist gathering. Several top commanders of the banned CPI(Maoist) group are believed to be among the deceased, though official confirmation of their identities is pending. The area, located in the Maad region of Narayanpur, has long been a stronghold of Maoist activity.

Basavraj, 68, was the General Secretary of CPI(Maoist) and held key positions in the Politburo, Central Committee, and the Central Military Commission. A native of Jiyyannapeta in Srikakulam district of present-day Telangana, he held a degree in engineering from the Regional Engineering College, Warangal. Known by multiple aliases such as Gaganna, Prakash, Krishna, Vijay, Umesh, Raju, and Kamlu, he was a strategic architect of numerous deadly attacks against Indian forces and carried a reward of ₹1 crore on his head.

Basavraj had assumed leadership of CPI(Maoist) after former chief Muppala Lakshmana Rao, alias Ganapathy, stepped down due to age and illness. Under Basavraj’s leadership, the group continued to operate across Central and Eastern India, particularly in the dense jungles of Chhattisgarh.

The operation in Narayanpur comes on the heels of Operation Black Forest, a massive 21-day offensive in the Karreguttalu Hills along the Chhattisgarh-Telangana border that resulted in the deaths of 31 Maoists and the recovery of large quantities of weapons and rebel supplies. These successive operations reflect the government’s intensified campaign against left-wing extremism, driven by Union Home Minister Amit Shah’s directive to eliminate the Maoist threat by March 2026.

Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai praised the bravery and endurance of the security forces, stating, “Our brave soldiers have stood firm for three days in extremely difficult terrain with unmatched dedication. This battle is not just against Naxal violence, but for peace, progress, and a better future for our people.”

Sources indicate that the latest encounter also led to the recovery of a significant cache of arms, ammunition, and Maoist logistical materials. The operation was carried out with careful coordination between state police forces, the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and elite COBRA units.

The success of this mission is being seen as a critical milestone in the ongoing fight against left-wing extremism in India. However, senior officials caution that the threat is not yet fully neutralized, with hundreds of active cadres believed to still be operating in forest zones across Chhattisgarh and adjoining states.

Search operations and combing efforts are still underway in the region, and authorities are expected to release an official list of the deceased once identification is complete. The security establishment believes the loss of Basavraj will cause significant disarray in the Maoist command structure, potentially triggering a leadership crisis within the insurgent ranks.

This latest development is being hailed by the central government as a validation of its aggressive and intelligence-driven counterinsurgency strategy. Further updates are awaited as the region remains under high alert and recovery operations continue.

GOC South Western Command Reviews Combat Readiness of Army Air Defence Corps

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In a significant move to reinforce combat preparedness, Lieutenant General Manjinder Singh, Army Commander of the South Western Command, conducted a comprehensive review of the Corps of Army Air Defence (AAD), known as “The Valiant Wings.” The evaluation focused on the unit’s technological integration, professional standards, and mission-oriented readiness.

During the visit, General Singh lauded the Corps for its exemplary performance and specifically praised its contribution to Operation Sindoor. The operation, a high-precision strike against terrorist infrastructure, highlighted AAD’s crucial role in defending Indian airspace and supporting modern counter-terrorism efforts.

The Corps of Army Air Defence, which became an autonomous force in 1994, traces its roots to the Second World War when it was formed to counter aerial threats. Over time, it has transformed into a cutting-edge defensive arm, bolstered by the Army Air Defence College in Gopalpur. This premier institution is instrumental in training personnel in advanced air defence artillery and missile systems.

General Singh’s review aligns with the Indian Army’s broader ‘Decade of Transformation’ initiative, aimed at enhancing operational capabilities and embracing advanced technology across its ranks. The South Western Command’s emphasis on such strategic evaluations ensures that units like the AAD continue to evolve in response to dynamic security challenges.

This development reflects the Indian Army’s unwavering commitment to a proactive defence posture, continuous improvement, and maintaining technological superiority in the face of emerging threats.

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Title:
South Western Command Reviews Combat Readiness of Army Air Defence Corps

Subtitle:
Lt Gen Manjinder Singh applauds AAD’s performance in Op Sindoor and stresses technological advancement and preparedness under the ‘Decade of Transformation’

Body:
Jaipur, Rajasthan – In a key step towards reinforcing India’s defensive capabilities, Lieutenant General Manjinder Singh, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the South Western Command, recently undertook a detailed review of the combat readiness of the Corps of Army Air Defence (AAD), also known as “The Valiant Wings.” The review focused on the Corps’ ability to respond to evolving aerial threats, its effective use of modern technologies, and its preparedness in line with the Indian Army’s overarching vision of transformation and future readiness.

During the review, General Singh was briefed on the operational capabilities, deployment strategies, and recent technological enhancements incorporated by the AAD units. He commended the Corps for its unwavering professionalism and innovative approaches, particularly its role in recent operations such as “Op Sindoor.” This high-precision counter-terror operation involved surgical air strikes on terrorist infrastructure, showcasing the AAD’s critical role in securing Indian airspace from hostile aerial incursions, including drones, UAVs, and manned aircraft.

The Army Commander praised the synergy between the AAD and other branches of the Indian Armed Forces, noting that joint operational effectiveness has become increasingly vital in modern warfare. He emphasized the need for continuous modernization of defence systems, integration of artificial intelligence and automation in surveillance and targeting, and the importance of rapid response mechanisms to tackle asymmetric threats.

The Corps of Army Air Defence has a storied legacy that dates back to the Second World War, when it was originally created to address aerial threats to the Indian subcontinent. Its transformation into an autonomous corps in 1994 marked a significant milestone, enabling it to focus exclusively on developing and maintaining India’s ground-based air defence infrastructure. Today, the Corps is responsible for defending critical military and civilian infrastructure from air attacks across diverse terrains and in various combat scenarios.

A key pillar in the Corps’ operational and training excellence is the Army Air Defence College, located in Gopalpur, Odisha. Recognized as one of the finest air defence training institutions in Asia, the college trains officers and soldiers in the operation and deployment of sophisticated air defence artillery and guided missile systems. The institution also plays a major role in promoting research, simulation-based training, and the testing of emerging air defence technologies.

General Singh’s review forms part of a wider initiative under the Indian Army’s “Decade of Transformation” roadmap. This ambitious programme seeks to revolutionize the Army’s operational preparedness by embracing cutting-edge technology, enhancing interoperability, and fostering a culture of innovation and agility. As part of this vision, regular and rigorous evaluations of combat units, such as the AAD, ensure that the force remains one step ahead of potential adversaries.

The visit concluded with General Singh reiterating the Indian Army’s commitment to building a future-ready force capable of addressing traditional and non-traditional threats. He stressed that the Army’s strength lies not only in its weapons and systems but also in its people – disciplined, skilled, and deeply motivated to protect the sovereignty of the nation.

This review serves as a reaffirmation of the Indian Army’s determination to uphold a robust and responsive air defence posture. By combining time-tested military traditions with forward-looking strategies and technologies, the Corps of Army Air Defence continues to stand as a formidable shield against aerial threats, ever ready to defend the skies above India.

Is Field Marshal General Asim Munir Preparing Pakistan for a Long-Term Cold War with India?

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The elevation of Pakistan’s Army Chief, General Asim Munir, to the rank of Field Marshal is a rare and consequential development—only the second in the nation’s history after Ayub Khan. Far from a ceremonial gesture, this move signals a deeper, strategic recalibration within Pakistan’s military establishment. It reflects an intent to entrench a long-term, low-intensity confrontation with India—a Cold War–style standoff marked by asymmetric tactics, regional alignments, and a sustained ideological conflict.

A Rank with Strategic Weight

Unlike Ayub Khan, who promoted himself to Field Marshal after seizing power in 1958, Munir’s elevation has come from a civilian government that remains largely subordinate to the military. Crucially, Munir retains command of the army, unlike other countries where the Field Marshal rank is often ceremonial. This move institutionalises his influence and suggests a continuity of military-first governance, especially with respect to India.

Military Supremacy over Civilian Authority

The Pakistani army has long functioned as a “deep state.” Under Munir, this role has become even more explicit. His trusted appointees, including Lt Gen Asim Malik as National Security Advisor, have sidelined civilian input in strategic decision-making. The promotion to Field Marshal effectively grants Munir institutional immunity and entrenches the army’s control over national security, foreign policy, and internal stability—all of which revolve around India as the central threat.

Reinforcing Anti-India Nationalism

Pakistan’s military has historically leveraged the India threat narrative to justify its centrality. Munir is doubling down on this strategy. From public speeches on Kashmir as Pakistan’s “jugular vein” to invoking the two-nation theory, Munir is actively shaping a national identity rooted in opposition to India. This narrative not only fuels public nationalism but also serves as a justification for the military’s oversized budget and political role.

Strategic Patience or Stealth Provocation?

Munir appears to be adopting a doctrine of “strategic patience”—a Cold War-style policy of indirect engagement rather than full-scale war. Pakistan’s focus under his leadership has shifted to hybrid warfare: cyber intrusions, information operations, drone incursions, and proxy militias. This strategy wears down India’s stability gradually, without overt aggression. The result is a simmering, sustained hostility with no clear endpoint—classic hallmarks of Cold War-style conflict.

Balakot to Operation Sindoor: A Pattern Emerges

India’s Balakot airstrikes in 2019 and the more recent Operation Sindoor in 2025 reveal the changing nature of Indo-Pak confrontations. These are no longer episodic flashpoints but carefully calibrated confrontations. Under Munir, Pakistan appears more willing to engage through attrition and ambiguity—utilising non-state actors, disinformation, and deniable tactics to stretch India’s military and political bandwidth over time.

China and the Strategic Axis

Munir’s strategy cannot be examined in isolation from Pakistan’s growing alignment with China. With the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as its economic spine and Beijing’s military support as its shield, Pakistan under Munir is firmly embedded in a strategic axis aimed at constraining India. Joint military exercises, cyber cooperation, and Beijing’s tacit support on Kashmir further tighten this alliance. Aided by China and possibly supported by groups like the Taliban, this trilateral front represents a concerted effort to encircle and distract India on multiple fronts.

What India Should Watch Closely

India must rethink its engagement strategy toward Pakistan. The threats are no longer limited to LOC shelling or diplomatic jousting. The real danger lies in Pakistan’s growing capabilities in asymmetric warfare—cyberattacks, drone-based infiltration, online propaganda, and proxy militias. Special attention must be given to border states like Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, but the challenge is national.

Equally, India should reinforce its regional and global alliances—deepening cooperation with Quad members, expanding ties with Gulf powers, and enhancing maritime and cyber deterrence strategies.

Conclusion: Preparing for the Long Game

Asim Munir’s promotion to Field Marshal is not merely an internal military development—it is a deliberate strategic signal. Pakistan’s military is preparing not for a traditional war, but for a generational rivalry with India that spans ideology, perception, and technology.

India must look beyond short-term flashpoints. The real challenge lies in countering a long-term, state-sponsored confrontation—less visible, but no less dangerous.