The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) is in the advanced stages of developing a multi-layered indigenous air defence system named Kusha, which will come in three variants—Kusha M1, M2, and M3—with a targeted full induction into the Indian Armed Forces by 2030.
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Kusha M1 will be equipped with short-range missile systems designed to neutralize threats such as enemy aircraft and missiles at close range. Kusha M2 will operate in the medium-range surface-to-air missile (MRSAM) category, while the most advanced version, Kusha M3, will be capable of intercepting targets well beyond 400 kilometers.
The Kusha system is being developed to provide layered space protection by launching multiple interceptor missiles to secure zones ranging from 100 to 200 kilometers, effectively creating a robust shield against a variety of aerial threats. Despite their different range capabilities, all three variants will use a common kill vehicle, with differences in booster configurations to achieve the desired reach.
DRDO sources confirmed that development trials for Kusha M1 are scheduled for September 2025, with expected induction into service by 2028. The Kusha M2 and M3 variants will follow in quick succession, with the M3 likely undergoing trials by 2027. The full system is expected to be operational by 2030.
Kusha is being viewed as India’s indigenous answer to Russia’s S-500 missile defence system. DRDO is aiming for the Kusha system to surpass the performance of the S-400 Triumf, which the Indian Air Force (IAF) effectively deployed during Operation Sindoor to counter cruise missile and kamikaze drone attacks from Pakistan.
Once inducted, the Kusha air defence system will significantly enhance India’s ability to defend against kinetic projectiles, reinforcing the country’s push towards self-reliance in high-end defence technology. India currently awaits the final two squadrons of the S-400 Triumf system from Russia under a $5.4 billion deal signed in 2018, with full delivery expected by 2026.
