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Indian Navy Deploys MARCOS via Para Drop for Anti-Piracy in Arabian Sea

By
Pratham Gurung
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0

In response to the escalating maritime security situation in the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea, the Indian Navy executed a strategic aerial insertion of its MARCOS special forces operatives, bolstering its anti-piracy operations in the region.

The deployment, aimed at ensuring prompt action against maritime threats, underscores the Navy’s proactive stance in safeguarding vital sea lanes.

According to a statement released by the Indian Navy’s spokesperson on social media platform X (formerly Twitter), the aerial insertion of MARCOS (Marine Commandos) special forces operatives was carried out by para dropping them alongside inflatable speedboats from a C-130 military transport aircraft.

The C-130 aircraft, belonging to the Indian Air Force (IAF), played a pivotal role in facilitating the operation, demonstrating seamless inter-service cooperation.

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“In response to ongoing #MaritimeSecurity situation in #GulfofAden & #ArabianSea & to ensure prompt action against any maritime threat, #IndianNavy undertook airborne insertion of #SpecialForces, paradropping inflatable crafts & #MARCOs from C-130 in #Arabian Sea,” the Navy’s post on social media highlighted.

The Gulf of Aden has witnessed a resurgence in piracy incidents and emerging maritime security challenges, including drone and missile attacks on commercial vessels by Yemen-based Houthi militias. In recent months, the Indian Navy has thwarted multiple piracy attempts off the eastern coast of Somalia, underscoring its commitment to maintaining maritime security and stability in the region.

In early February, the Indian Navy successfully intervened to rescue crew members of Iranian-flagged fishing vessels targeted by pirates in the Gulf of Aden.

Notably, the naval patrol vessel INS Sharda intercepted and repelled a piracy attempt on the Iranian-flagged FV Omari, rescuing crew members of Pakistani and Iranian nationality. Additionally, INS Sumitra thwarted another piracy attempt targeting the Iranian-flagged fishing vessel Al Naeemi, safeguarding the lives of its crew members.

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Further highlighting the Navy’s swift response to maritime emergencies, a Palau-flagged vessel, MV Islander, came under attack, likely by a drone or missile, on February 22.

In a coordinated operation, an Indian Navy destroyer mission deployed in the Gulf of Aden promptly arrived at the scene to provide assistance. Navy’s Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) specialists embarked on the distressed vessel to mitigate any residual risks, ensuring the safe transit of the vessel.

The Indian Navy’s proactive measures and rapid response capabilities reaffirm its role as a key stakeholder in safeguarding maritime security and promoting stability in critical sea lanes. As maritime threats evolve, the Navy remains vigilant and prepared to address emerging challenges to uphold the principles of freedom of navigation and secure global maritime trade routes.

Adversity to Achievement: Sudeep Maiti’s Inspiring Journey to Scientist at DRDO

By
Pratham Gurung
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0

In a remarkable tale of resilience and determination, Sudeep Maiti’s journey from humble beginnings to becoming a scientist at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) serves as a shining example of triumph over adversity.

Hailing from Mohammad Murad Maiti Para area under Purushottampur village panchayat in Panshkura block, West Bengal, Sudeep harbored a childhood dream of serving in the country’s defence sector.

Despite facing numerous challenges, Sudeep exhibited promise and talent from an early age, completing his primary education at Durga Primary School in his village. Undeterred by financial constraints, he pursued his education, obtaining a Polytechnic diploma, followed by a B.Tech degree and an M.Tech degree from IIT Guwahati.

Born into a family grappling with poverty, Sudeep’s father, Govinda Maiti, worked tirelessly as a mason to make ends meet. However, despite his lifelong dedication to construction work, the family struggled to afford their own home due to financial limitations.

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Tragically, Govinda Babu’s life took a turn for the worse after a road accident left him bedridden, further exacerbating their struggles.

During this challenging period, Sudeep’s mother emerged as a pillar of strength, single-handedly supporting the family by rolling bidis and selling them to fund her children’s education.

Despite their hardships, the family persevered, although they could only afford to marry off two daughters, and were unable to secure a house under the state housing scheme, resulting in their residence being incomplete with only three walls.

However, amidst the adversity, a beacon of hope emerged as Sudeep achieved his dream of joining DRDO, the national defence research and development organization, as a scientist.

His unwavering passion and determination propelled him to secure a coveted position in one of the country’s most esteemed institutions, bringing immense pride and joy to his family.

Sudeep Maiti’s journey serves as a testament to the power of resilience, hard work, and perseverance in overcoming obstacles and achieving one’s goals. His remarkable success story is a source of inspiration for individuals facing adversity, reaffirming the belief that with dedication and resilience, anything is possible.

DRDO Inks 23 Tech Transfer Deals at Maharashtra MSME Defence Expo 2024

By
Pratham Gurung
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0

The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) convened a pivotal DRDO-Industry Meet on February 25, 2024, as part of the Maharashtra MSME Defence Expo 2024 in Pune.

Aimed at fostering collaboration and synergy with the industry, the meet served as a platform to apprise and update industries, particularly Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups, about various industry-friendly initiatives and policies of DRDO, while also addressing industry concerns.

At the meet, DRDO marked a significant milestone by handing over 23 Licensing Agreements for Transfer of Technology (LATOT) to 22 industries, in the presence of Secretary Department of Defence (R&D) and Chairman DRDO, Dr. Samir V Kamat, along with other dignitaries.

These technology transfers encompass a wide array of domains including electronics, laser technology, armaments, life sciences, materials science, combat vehicles, naval systems, and aeronautics.

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Notable technologies include Manufacturing of Carbon/Carbon Aircraft brakes for LCA Tejas, 100 m Infantry Foot Bridge Floating, 40 mm High Explosive Anti-Personnel (HEAP) Grenade for UBGL, and more. These products, based on DRDO technologies, are poised to bolster the defence manufacturing sector and reinforce self-reliance in defence.

Moreover, DRDO conferred SAMAR (System for Advance Manufacturing Assessment and Rating) assessment certificates to nine Industry Partners. SAMAR serves as a benchmark to gauge the competency of defence manufacturing enterprises, with a brief overview provided during the function.

Addressing industry partners, Dr. Kamat reiterated DRDO’s unwavering commitment to providing comprehensive technology support for the development of Indian defence industries, in alignment with the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat set forth by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.

Dr. Kamat emphasized that the recent successes of DRDO products have not only enhanced the nation’s self-reliance in defence technology but also created abundant opportunities for industries in the defence manufacturing sector. He stressed the invaluable partnership of industries, urging Indian industries to leverage the latest initiatives and policies of the Government to establish the country as a hub of defence manufacturing.

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An Open House session during the meet facilitated industry stakeholders to voice their challenges, expectations, and support requirements, paving the way for refining frameworks to enhance ease of doing business and industry facilitation.

Furthermore, industry participants were briefed about the latest policies and procedures through which DRDO supports industries. These include Transfer of Technologies, Test & Evaluation support, Technological and scientific support, R&D funding to industry under TDF, Free use of DRDO patents by industry, and the SAMAR scheme.

The DRDO-Industry Meet served as a pivotal step towards strengthening the collaboration between DRDO and the industry, fostering innovation, and advancing India’s capabilities in defence manufacturing, ultimately contributing to the nation’s self-reliance and security.

Meet Commodore Kavita Makka, 1st Woman Commanding Officer of INDC Danteshwari

By
SSBCrack
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0
Commodore Kavita Makka Indian Navy

In a groundbreaking move for the Indian Navy, Surg Cmde (D) Kavita Makkar has been appointed as the Commanding Officer of INDC Danteshwari and the Dental Advisor (Navy), marking a significant milestone as she becomes the first woman Naval Officer to hold this esteemed position. The announcement, made on February 17, 2024, underscores the Navy’s commitment to gender equality and empowering women within its ranks.

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The appointment of Surg Cmde Makkar is a testament to her exceptional service and expertise in the field of naval dentistry, reflecting the Navy’s progressive approach in recognizing and promoting talent irrespective of gender. This historic appointment is not just a personal achievement for Surg Cmde Makkar but also a moment of pride for the entire nation.

Commodore Kavita Makka

Indian Naval Dental Centre Danteshwari represents a significant advancement in the healthcare facilities of the Indian Navy, marking a pivotal moment in its commitment to providing comprehensive and state-of-the-art dental care to its personnel. Commissioned on December 12, 2018, in Mumbai, INDC Danteshwari stands as the first multi-speciality dental centre within the Indian Navy, designed to offer a wide range of dental healthcare services under one roof.

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The commissioning ceremony of INDC Danteshwari was a notable event, attended by distinguished guests from the highest echelons of the Indian Navy and the Armed Forces’ dental services. Surgeon Commodore (D) Bireshwar Mukherjee, who was appointed as the first Commanding Officer of INDC Danteshwari, read out the commissioning warrant in the presence of Admiral Sunil Lanba, the Chief of Naval Staff at the time; Vice Admiral Girish Luthra, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Western Naval Command; and Lieutenant General SM Londhe, Director General Dental Services. The commissioning plaque was unveiled by Mrs. Preeti Luthra, President of the Naval Wives Welfare Association (NWWA) Western Region, marking the official induction of this state-of-the-art facility into the Indian Navy.

The establishment of INDC Danteshwari was driven by the growing demand for quality dental healthcare within the Armed Forces, reflecting a broader recognition of the importance of dental health in ensuring the overall well-being and operational readiness of military personnel. By bringing together various dental specialties under one roof, INDC Danteshwari aims to provide the naval community in Mumbai and its environs with access to the best and latest in dental healthcare practices and technologies, comparable to international standards.

With its commissioning, INDC Danteshwari became the first dedicated dental unit of the Indian Navy, equipped with additional clinics and specialist rooms to cater to the expanding scope and demand for dental services. This development not only enhances the Navy’s healthcare capabilities but also underscores its commitment to the health and welfare of its personnel.

As a full-fledged dental hospital, INDC Danteshwari serves as a cornerstone in the Navy’s healthcare infrastructure, offering a broad spectrum of dental treatments and preventive services. This facility embodies the Navy’s proactive approach to healthcare management, ensuring that its serving defence community receives exemplary dental care, thereby contributing to the overall mission readiness and effectiveness of the Indian Navy.

Army Chief Attends Maharashtra MSME Defence Expo 2024 in Pune

By
Pratham Gurung
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0

The Maharashtra MSME Defence Expo 2024 witnessed a momentous occasion as Chief of Army Staff General Manoj Pande graced the event with his presence at the International Exhibition Convention Centre in Moshi, Pune on February 26, 2024.

Organized by the Government of Maharashtra, the expo served as a platform to showcase the indigenous capabilities and innovations of MSMEs, private companies, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) laboratories, and Defence Public Sector Unit (DPSU) setups in Maharashtra.

In his keynote address to MSMEs and students present at the expo, General Manoj Pande lauded Maharashtra’s significant contributions to the nation’s economy, industrial growth, exports, and attractiveness for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

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He highlighted Maharashtra’s pioneering role as the first state in India to formulate a Defence Manufacturing Policy following the opening up of the defence sector to private investment.

Additionally, Maharashtra’s declaration of Aerospace and Defence manufacturing as a thrust sector in the ‘Package Scheme of Incentives’ has propelled the state to contribute over 20% to the country’s output in aircraft, ships, and boats, and 30% to the national output in weapons and ammunition, reflecting a strategic vision towards promoting the Defence Industrial Sector.

Speaking about India’s economic growth trajectory, General Pande emphasized the nation’s improved consumer affluence, better standards of living, higher literacy quotient, and rising aspirations of its citizens.

He commended the efforts of government agencies and armed forces in policy reforms, skilling initiatives, infrastructure investment, digital potential, and frontline entrepreneurship, highlighting their commitment to sustainable development and the promise of being reliable supply chain stakeholders.

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General Pande underscored the Indian Army’s focus on leveraging both MSMEs and the Start-Up ecosystem as part of the Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) pursuit to meet capability development requirements. He elaborated on the Innovations in Defence Excellence (iDEX) procurement, where all projects are mandated to progress through Start-Ups.

Currently, 55 Indian Army projects worth Rs 400 Crores are being pursued under the iDEX route, involving a total of 65 Start-Ups. Notably, four contracts worth Rs 70 Crores have been concluded for the procurement of equipment in limited quantity for field exploitation.

Highlighting the Indian Army’s commitment to innovation, General Pande mentioned the Army’s in-house Ideas & Innovation initiative, citing examples of innovations like VIDYUT RAKSHAK – an Internet of Things (IoT) based generator protection system, and a biomedical device.

He emphasized the Army’s pursuit of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) for products developed in collaboration with the industry, with 66 IPRs filed to date, including 13 Patents, 05 Copyrights, and 05 Design Registrations granted.

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During the expo, the Indian Army showcased its indigenous equipment and systems, including Tank T-90, BMP Mk-II, Soltam Gun, Dhanush Howitzer, K-9 Vajra, Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher, Sarvatra Bridge System, Schilka Gun, and Fly Catcher Radar of Army Air Defence, among others.

General Manoj Pande also engaged with participating industries, encouraging them to align their products and services with the future requirements of the Indian Army. He urged collective contribution towards the aspirations, goals, and objectives of a Rising India, emphasizing the resolve and commitment to Atmanirbharta (self-reliance).

PM Modi Dived in Arabian Sea with Indian Navy MARCOS

By
SSBCrack
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0

In a remarkable display of faith and tradition, Prime Minister Narendra Modi embarked on an extraordinary underwater journey to the ancient city of Dwarka’s believed location in the Arabian Sea.

This unique event took place on February 25, 2024, during his two-day visit to Gujarat, highlighting a blend of spiritual devotion and adventurous spirit.

Accompanied by skilled Indian Navy divers, including members from the elite Marine Commandos (MARCOS) unit, PM Modi dived deep beneath the sea surface.

This dive was not just an adventurous feat but a spiritual journey, as the Prime Minister aimed to offer prayers and pay homage to the mythological city of Dwarka, a site of immense historical and cultural significance, associated with Lord Krishna.

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Interestingly, PM Modi chose a traditional attire for the dive, donning a diving helmet, which symbolized his intent to blend tradition with the modern act of scuba diving. During his underwater meditation, he was seated cross-legged on the seabed, surrounded by the tranquility of the underwater world, making the act a profound experience of faith and introspection.

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Adding to the spiritual homage, the Prime Minister offered peacock feathers, a gesture symbolizing respect and tribute to Lord Krishna, who is traditionally associated with peacocks. This act of devotion was not only a personal moment for PM Modi but also a symbolic link to India’s rich cultural and spiritual heritage.

PM Modi’s dive with the MARCOS and Indian Navy divers served as a tribute to their bravery and dedication, further solidifying the bond between the nation’s armed forces and its leadership.

Upon his return to the surface, PM Modi’s actions were met with applause and admiration, to which he humbly responded, emphasizing that the dive was an act of faith rather than courage. This sentiment was echoed in his social media posts, where he shared his divine experience and sought blessings for all from Lord Krishna.

This unprecedented dive by a sitting Prime Minister into the Arabian Sea to pray at the underwater site of an ancient city marks a significant moment, blending India’s spiritual past with its present and showcasing the nation’s unique cultural identity on a global stage.

IAF’s Dornier Aircraft Executes Life-Saving Mission, Airlifting Liver for Transplant

By
Pratham Gurung
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0

In a remarkable demonstration of agility and precision, the Indian Air Force (IAF) deployed its Dornier aircraft to airlift a team of doctors from Pune to Delhi for a critical organ retrieval and transplant operation.

The lifesaving mission, executed on Friday, came to light after the official Twitter account of the defence body shared the details on Sunday, highlighting the extraordinary efforts undertaken by the armed forces in the service of the nation.

The urgent operation saw the IAF Dornier aircraft activated at short notice to transport a specialized team of doctors from the prestigious Army Hospital (Research And Referral), commonly known as Army Hospital (R&R), to Pune.

Liver Transplant

The mission, conducted under the cover of night on February 23, 2024, was aimed at retrieving a vital liver organ for transplantation in Delhi.

The successful execution of the airlift operation was underscored by the subsequent transplant surgery, which played a pivotal role in saving the life of a veteran.

The timely coordination and seamless cooperation between the Indian Air Force and the medical professionals from Army Hospital (R&R) exemplified the commitment of the armed forces to uphold the sanctity of life and serve the nation with unwavering dedication.

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Located in the heart of the Delhi Cantonment area, Army Hospital (R&R) stands as the apex flagship medical care centre for the armed forces. Renowned for its state-of-the-art facilities and specialized expertise, the hospital provides comprehensive medical treatment to personnel associated with the armed forces and their family members.

The deployment of the IAF Dornier aircraft for such a critical mission underscores the versatility and readiness of India’s defence forces to respond swiftly to emergent situations, irrespective of the challenges posed.

The tweet from the Indian Air Force on Sunday encapsulated the ethos of service and sacrifice embedded within the armed forces, with the hashtag #HarKaamDeshKeNaam (#EveryTaskForTheNation) aptly reflecting the commitment to serve the nation in every capacity.

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As the nation celebrates the success of this life-saving mission, the heroic efforts of the Indian Air Force and the medical team from Army Hospital (R&R) serve as a testament to the spirit of solidarity and compassion that defines India’s armed forces.

The successful transplantation of the liver stands as a beacon of hope and resilience, reaffirming the unwavering commitment of the armed forces to safeguarding the lives of its citizens and upholding the values of service and sacrifice.

India to Test 500 km Range SLCM Amid Rising Underwater Warfare Tensions

By
Pratham Gurung
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0

In the latest development in the escalating underwater warfare landscape of the Indian Ocean Region, India has announced plans to test a 500 km range submarine-launched cruise missile (SLCM) in the upcoming days.

This comes hot on the heels of Pakistan’s recent keel laying ceremony for an Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) submarine, underscoring the intensifying competition in the maritime domain.

India’s SLCM program is strategically motivated by factors such as China’s expanding naval presence in the Indian Ocean and Pakistan’s advancements in missile technology.

Seen as a crucial addition to bolster India’s defence capabilities, SLCMs are envisioned to provide a survivable sea-based element complementing the country’s land-based rocket force.

The SLCMs, which follow a low-altitude trajectory during flight to evade radar detection, will be deployed on submarines constructed under Project 75I. Competing for the project are German ThyssenKrupp AG and Spanish Navantia, with plans to eventually increase the missile’s range to 800 kilometers.

Former Chief of Defense Staff General Bipin Rawat first articulated the concept of the Indian Rocket Force, with the SLCMs forming an integral part of this strategic vision. The successful integration of SLCMs onto submarines like the Kalvari-class SSKs and the nuclear-powered Arihant ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) is deemed crucial.

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The impending test of the 500 km range SLCM follows a trial conducted in February 2023, during which the missile achieved its objectives within a range of 402 kilometers.

The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) has also completed the development of the Pralay ballistic missiles, with plans for long-range land-attack cruise missiles and SLCMs with a 1000 km range to be ready for production in the coming years.

India’s strategic defense capabilities are set to witness further enhancement with the inclusion of coastal batteries armed with the BrahMos anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM) and land-based long-range ASCMs derived from the subsonic Nirbhay cruise missile.

These systems are expected to play a significant role in India’s anti-access/area denial architecture, particularly in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Amidst the backdrop of a growing capability gap with China’s PLA Rocket Force, India is working diligently to bolster its defence capabilities. Former Army Chief General Manoj Mukund Naravane emphasized the importance of aggregating fires rather than platforms, drawing lessons from conflicts like the Azerbaijan and Armenia conflict in August 2021.

As tensions continue to simmer in the Indian Ocean Region, the upcoming test of India’s 500 km range SLCM underscores the nation’s steadfast commitment to enhancing its defence preparedness and safeguarding its maritime interests.

India-Japan’s ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ Exercise Kicks Off in Rajasthan

By
Pratham Gurung
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0

The much-anticipated 5th edition of the Joint Military Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ between the Indian Army and the Japan Ground Self Defence Force commenced today with great enthusiasm and fervour at Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan.

The Exercise, slated to run from February 25th to March 9th, 2024, marks another milestone in the strategic partnership between the two nations.

Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ holds a special significance as it is an annual endeavour conducted alternatively in India and Japan. This year, the contingent from both sides comprises 40 personnel each, representing a diverse range of expertise and experience.

The Japanese contingent is proudly represented by troops from the 34th Infantry Regiment, while the Indian Army contingent is represented by a Battalion from the esteemed Rajputana Rifles.

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The primary aim of the Exercise is to foster Military Cooperation and enhance combined capabilities to execute joint operations in a semi-urban environment under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.

Throughout the Exercise, there will be a keen focus on achieving a high degree of physical fitness, joint planning, joint tactical drills, and the mastering of basic special arms skills.

Tactical drills scheduled during the Exercise encompass a wide array of scenarios aimed at honing the operational readiness of the participating forces.

These drills include establishing Temporary Operating Bases, creating Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Grids, setting up Mobile Vehicle Check Posts, executing Cordon and Search Operations in hostile environments, conducting Heliborne operations, and practicing House Intervention Drills.

Additionally, a Weapon and Equipment Display will showcase India’s ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative and the nation’s growing defence industrial capability.

Adding to the significance of the Exercise, Lieutenant General TOGASHI Yuichi, Commanding General, Eastern Army, Japan Ground Self Defence Force, is scheduled to visit India on the sidelines of “Exercise DHARMA GUARDIAN”.

The esteemed General officer will grace the Mahajan Field Firing Ranges on March 3rd, 2024, to witness Combat Shooting demonstrations, Special Heliborne Operations (SHBO), and House Intervention Drills, further strengthening the bond between the two nations.

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Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ serves as a platform for both sides to exchange best practices in Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures of conducting tactical operations.

Moreover, it facilitates the development of interoperability, camaraderie, and bonhomie between troops from India and Japan, thereby enhancing the level of defence cooperation and fostering bilateral relations between the two friendly nations.

As the Exercise unfolds over the coming days, it is poised to further solidify the longstanding defence partnership between India and Japan, symbolizing their shared commitment to regional security and stability.

12 Ways To Improve Your PPDT and TAT Story Writing

By
Pallavi Singh
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1
Improve PPDT and TAT Story Writing

Picture Perception and Discussion Test (PPDT) in SSBs is conducted on Day-1 and is the second objective of Stage-I tests. PPDT is a screening test which is almost an elimination test of the candidate.

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It is conducted to know about the imagination power and description ability of a candidate within a limited time allotted. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is one the psychologist tests conducted on Day-2 of the SSB.

It is one of the Stage-II tests; candidates who get screened-in, are retained for stage 2 testing. This test is geared to know about the intellectual, cognitive, emotional and behavioural functioning of the candidates and identify their intelligence, personality style, interpersonal processes and adaptive skills.

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To put it in a nutshell, these tests are organised to comprehend the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviour of a candidate in a given situation and time. The candidates are shown a picture for 30 seconds (stimuli) and asked to write a story in 4 minutes (response).  Therefore, it’s essential to perform well in these tests.

Following tips are effective to get screened in, at the level of PPDT as well as crucial to successfully attempt TAT.

  1. As you come to know that you will be shown a hazy picture for 30 seconds, mentally prepare yourself for it and observe the picture with full concentration and use those 30 seconds carefully and effectively. Look at the background and see the setting of the story; it maybe a scene of a room, a hospital, an open field, market, etc and try figuring out the number of characters and what purpose are they serving.
  2. While creating the hero/heroine ( the main character) from the characters you observed in the picture, choose the character you identify the most with. The hero of your story must be empowered, i.e he should be able to overcome some problematic situation or improve its standards.
  3. Prepare the outline of the story using three questions, what led to the situation, what is the present condition and how to overcome the problem. Do it sequentially and logically and keep the story compact. Write the story in past tense (always). Give an optimistic, encouraging and reasonable story. The ideas you exercise gives an insight into your social viewpoint and interpretation and illustrate your level of harmony with the social progress of individuals around you and your attitude towards extending a possible help to others.
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Do not unnecessarily anticipate a problem when it is not shown in the picture. For example, scene of two people chatting happily or scene of a marketplace, don’t show terrorist attacks, bombing, snatching, quarrels, etc if it doesn’t depict so; it represents the pressimistic tendency of a mind. Except for you know the job of the main character, you cannot justify and explain the action taken by him.

For example, If you don’t know the nature of the job of a social activist, do not portray your main character as a social activist. Do not write a fancy or miraculous story depicting a wishful life from tatters to treasures. It must be realistic, written in a positive frame of mind, the main character must be an achiever and thrive for the common welfare of people and not just for himself/herself.

Always remember to write an outcome of the story, the main character should not be outlined as an immoderately reward seeking person or looking for self-appraisal. A simple sense of satisfaction or acknowledgment by others would do enough to end the story. You may not be able to write more than 8-9 lines in a specified time of 4 minutes. So dedicate 2 lines for what led to the situation, 4 lines for what is the current condition in the scene that you have perceived and remaining 2-3 lines for the outcome of the setting.

When it comes to the last blank picture in TAT, it is always advisable to prepare the story beforehand because it will be easier for you to write an already prepared story in the stipulated time. Work on your handwriting. Writing 12 stories back to back is a tedious task, and completing them in a time frame of 4 minutes each can make your work look clumsy and untidy. Writing stories with a neat and clean handwriting will give a leading edge. Practice writing stories in advance, that will open the knots of creativity and imagination of your mind.

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It will also help in elevating your speed to write well in time in a good handwriting. You may take pictures from a newspaper, magazine, book, movie or just sit somewhere quietly and look around you and write a story on it, to practice PPDT and TAT. Stay calm and relaxed during these tests because stressing your mind would give less space to creativity. Though these tests are conducted to put your minds in pressure and extract the best possible reaction, you need to channelize your energy towards originality and imagination without feeling panicky.

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