India’s Gallantry Awards: What You Should Know

By

-

August 24, 2019

Gallantry_awards_of_India png — Gallantry awards of India

The concept of military awards and decorations are as old as the organisation of uniformed fighting forces and is a practice adopted by militaries around the world. Service medals are awarded to deserving soldiers for distinguished service, acts of courage, leadership and tactical awareness.

Highly decorated soldiers from the Indian Army

The criteria of awarding decorations vary on the culture and the ethos of the uniformed force recommending it. These decorations serve as a recognition to a competent soldier’s devotion to duty serving as an inspiration to comrades.

Table of Contents

Kargil memorial signifying a devotion to duty

The Indian security forces like any other uniformed force, have their own set of military decorations, drawing their ancestry from the British Army’s awards. There are a total of six gallantry awards, divided into war time and peacetime awards, which may be awarded to members of any of the countries vast security agencies.

Indian security forces marching during the 67th Republic day parade

How are gallantry awards vetted?

The commanding officer or any other concerned officer of a unit based on his own or a service members recommendation writes two citations, a long citation and followed by a shorter one. The CO’s citation following which the write up goes to the formation headquarters for vetting and clearance. The formation HQ review the citation and in turn forwards it to the command HQ, who thoroughly vet the recommendation. Based on the merit of the recommendation, the Command HQ either accepts the proposal, reduces the category of the recommended gallantry award or rejects it altogether.

Indian soldiers receiving awards for peacekeeping mission in South Sudan

Param Vir Chakra

The Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest military honour awarded to servicemen and women for displaying the highest degree of bravery or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy in wartime. The PVC is on similar lines to the British Victoria Cross, the United States Medal of Honour, the French Legion of Honour and the Russian Cross of Saint George.
This prestigious gallantry award was introduced on 26 January 1950, the day the country became a republic. The name Param Vir Chakra is drawn from Sanskrit translating to Wheel or Cross of the ultimate brave.

Picture of the PVC on the left with an image of Major Somnath Sharma the first recipient of the war time award on the left

The bronze medal has four replicas of ‘Indra’s Vajra’ embossed on it with the State Emblem in the centre.
The words ‘Param Vir Chakra’ is embossed both in Hindi and English on the reverse and the two versions are separated by two lotus flowers.
The ribbon is of plain purple colour.

Kargil Legend and Param Veer Chakra Awardee Capt. Vikram Batra on the right

All armed forces, reserve forces territorial army and other lawfully sanctioned armed force are eligible to receive the award.
21 personnel have been awarded the decoration, with 14 awards being received posthumously.
What makes the Param Vir Chakra unique is the facts only 21 service members have received the PVC while The US has issued 3,524 medals of honour. the British have distributed 1,355 Victoria Crosses (148 of whom were Indian Soldiers).

Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav, Naib Subedar Bana Singh and Sanjay Kumar the only three living PVC awardees with journalist Shiv Aroor

The vetting for the PVC is exceptionally stringent, as the circumstances for the award make it extremely tricky for anyone to corroborate it.
The vetting procedure makes India’s highest battle honour one of the rarest awards for recognised valour.
Recipients or families of the recipients if awarded posthumously receive compensation of rupees 3,000 per month.

Ashok Chakra

The Ashok Chakra is awarded for bravery, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield.
It is the peacetime equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra and is awarded for the “most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice” other than in the face of the enemy
The Ashok Chakra was established as the “Ashoka Chakra, Class I” by the President of India, 4 January 1952 (with effect from 15 August 1947).

The statutes of the award were revised, and the decoration renamed on 27 January 1967.
Officers, men and women of all ranks of Indian Army, Indian Navy, Indian Air Force, Central Para Military Forces, Railway Protection Force, Other Police Forces, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted forces and civilians of either genders in all walks of life can be the recipient of this award.
Recipients of the Ashok Chakra or the families of the awardees, if awarded posthumously receive compensation of rupees 2,800 per month with another 2,800 for every bar added to the award

Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala's widow and mother received the Ashok Chakra awarded to him posthumously during the Republic Day Parade 2018 — Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala’s widow and mother received the Ashok Chakra awarded to him posthumously during the Republic Day Parade 2018

Mahavir Chakra

The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) is the second-highest military decoration in India and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air and maybe awarded posthumously.
Maha Veer translates to extraordinarily brave.

The medal is made of standard silver with a five-pointed heraldic star embossed on it with the points of the star just touching the rim.
The words ‘Maha Vir Chakra’ is embossed both in Hindi and English on the reverse and the two versions are separated by two lotus flowers.

Captain Clifford Nongrum was posthumously awarded the MVC in Kargil

The ribbon is half-white and half-orange colour.
Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the navy and the Air force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and any other lawfully constituted Armed forces.
Recipients or their next of kin receive Rs 2,400/- per month with the same amount if another bar is added to the award.

Kirti Chakra

The Kirti Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the field of battle. It may be awarded to civilians as well as military personnel, including posthumous awards. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Maha Vir Chakra.
It is second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards.

Officers, men and women of all ranks of Indian Army, Indian Navy, Indian Air Force, Central Para-Military Forces, Railway Protection Force, Other Police Forces, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted forces and civilians of either genders in all walks of life can be recipient of this award.
Rs 2,100 to be awarded to recipients of the award or their next of kin per month and 2,100 for each bar to the decoration.

Vir Chakra

The Vir Chakra is awarded for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land or at sea or in the air.
It is third highest wartime gallantry awards following the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.
It was established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect from 15 August 1947) and may be awarded posthumously.

Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and any other lawfully constituted Armed Forces.
Recipients or their families in if awarded posthumously receive Rs 1,700 per month with the same amount added to each bar to the decoration.

Shaurya Chakra

The Shaurya Chakra is the peacetime equivalent of the Vir Chakra. It was established as the “Ashoka Chakra, Class III” by the President of India, 4 January 1952 (with effect from 15 August 1947).
The statutes for the award were revised and the decoration renamed on 27 January 1967.
The honour may be awarded posthumously.
It is a circular bronze medal with a green ribbon divided into four equal parts by three vertical lines.

Officers and men and women of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia, and member of any other lawfully constituted Armed Forces are eligible to receive the award.
Recipients or their next of kin are entitled to a compensation of Rs. 1,500 per month with the same amount added for any further bar on the decoration.

This years awards in numbers

Major Kaustubh Rane was posthumously warded the 'Bar to Sena Medal' on 15th August — Major Kaustubh Rane was posthumously warded the ‘Bar to Sena Medal’ on 15th August

The president of India awarded soldiers and other security personnel for exemplary acts of valour last week, on the countries 73rd Independence day, the awards included two Kirti Chakras, one Vir Chakra, 14 Shaurya Chakras, eight Bar to Sena Medals (Gallantry), 90 Sena Medals (Gallantry), five Nao Sena Medals (Gallantry), seven Vayu Sena Medals (Gallantry) and five Yudh Seva Medals.

Glaring holes in India’s premier industrial security force!

By

Aritra Banerjee

-

August 24, 2019

0

CISF Glaring holes in airport security — Glaring holes in airport security by CISF

The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is one of the Central Armed Police forces (CAPF’S) of India under the ministry of home affairs (MHA). The central security organisation was formed on 15 June 1983, with the mandate of protecting and securing major critical infrastructure installations of the country, ranging from nuclear installations, space establishments, domestic & international airports, seaports, atomic & hydroelectric power plants, sensitive government buildings, heritage sights and infrastructure in Naxal-Maoist prone areas.

CISF 1 — Personnel from the CRPF’s Airport Security Group (ASG)

With a recently sanctioned strength of 1,80,000 personnel, the armed police force is supposed to provide security to over 300 industrial units.

Table of Contents

Following the hijacking of Indian airlines IC-814 in 1999, and the attack on the World Trade centre on September 2001, the government proposed that the security of airports should come under the CISF. Prior to the proposal airports security was under the purview of the airport police.

Despite being assigned the critical task of protecting sensitive and vital installations of the country, Intelligence reports and statements by high ranking officials have brought to light, the negligence and incompetence of CISF’s top brass. With parliamentary reports highlighting the grave shortage of funds funds, essential equipment and the glaring loopholes in the CISF’s deployment of personnel and vital counter terror contingency plans.

CISF Persoonel 3 — CISF Jawaans guarding the entrance of an airport

Bullet proof jackets issued to CISF personnel incapable of withstanding AK-47 rounds:

The AK-47 (Kalashnikov) was introduced by the soviets in 1948 and since then the name applies to over 200 types of AK pattern rifles, manufactured both legitimately and illegitimately all over the world. The soviet-era rifle has been the most commonly used assault rifle in every conflict, civil war, extremist/terrorist violence across the globe.

Representational Image of an AK series rifle

It is the weapon of choice for terrorists, rebels, insurgents and the likes, due to its ease of handling, maintenance, use, availability, durability, stopping power and cost. In India, every militant killed or arms cache raided had an AK series rifle recovered from them.

AK 4 — Weapons recovered by security forces

despite the likelihood of its personnel facing AK fire, The CISF has for the longest time, issued vests which do not provide them with adequate protection against AK rounds and small arms fire at close range! According a senior CISF officer speaking on the condition of anonymity.

“Bulletproof jackets for CISF personnel were procured in 2011 and a gun shot if fired from close range is capable of piercing the jacket”

Most of the airports are always on high alert and sensitive, use of bulletproof jackets are important in case of terror attacks.

Lack of funds compromise the security of over 27 sensitive airports:

According to a 2018 report prepared by the CISF and intelligence agencies, the government has not provided CISF security cover to over 27 sensitive airports (including Srinagar airport) for over 5 years due to lack of funds.

CISF SOLDIER 2 — CISF commando providing security cover to a private chopper

(EXCERPT FROM REPORT)

In the recent report the Committee has opined that, civil aviation security is an integral and important element of national security. Airports are critical infrastructure and very vital from the perspective of national security.

Any large-scale damage or terrorist attack on the airport would be catastrophic with far reaching implications on the citizens and the economy. Explanations given to the committee for non-deployment of CISF at remaining airports was lack of funds. The report also speaks about the status of CISF security cover given to airports till now, adding the committee has recommended that the force should be deployed on priority to hyper-sensitive and sensitive airports in the first go.

Out of the 26 hyper-sensitive airports in the country like the ones in metro cities of Mumbai and Delhi, 18 are under CISF cover while six like Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir and others are not. Under the sensitive category there are 56 airports out of which only 37 have the paramilitary’s cover and amongst 16 normal airports only four have CISF security.

To sum it up, out of the total 98 functional airports in the country, 59 are under CISF cover leaving out 39. Out of the 59 airports under CISF cover, 53 are operated by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) and six by joint ventures or private players.,”

Other CAPF’s being forced to cover

Shortcomings in the CISF, is forcing the CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force), IRB’S (Indian Reserve Battalions) and sometimes even regular State police units to cover for the CISF. These agencies are not specialised in aviation security and is not a part of their doctrine. This additional function is taking resources away from these already strained forces, making it difficult to carry out their own functions.

CRPF Deployed in Bhihar 1 — The CRPF is already deployed in Counter Insurgency areas

There is no viable justification for the 1.42 Lakh strong armed police organisation to outsource their duties to other forces, as the CISF has a dedicated unit tasked with aviation security, known as the Aviation Security Group (ASG). This unit has approximately 2,2000 commandos trained primarily for airport security. The failure to deploy specially trained personnel for their dedicated role needs to be addressed.

Twenty Indian airports lack Counter Terrorism plans:

Twenty ‘hypersensitive’ Indian airports lack counter-terrorist contingency plans covering their approach roads, and is therefore a matter of great concern. ‘Eight’ of these hypersensitive airports are not even covered by the CISF, that alone being a red flag. Counter Terrorist Contingency Plan (CTCP) by the CISF at approach roads are available only at Delhi and Mumbai. The same needs to be put in place at 20 more international and hyper-sensitive airports.

CISF 3 — CISF on patrol during Lok Sabha elections

The Parliamentary Committee formed on this issue recommends that airport security should be absolute. The panel headed by TMC Rajya Sabha MP KD Singh said in the report tabled in Parliament during the Winter Session, stressing the urgent need for an aviation security policy “before an untoward incident takes place”. further saying,

“it’s quite scary to know that the security of eight of our hyper-sensitive and 19 of our sensitive airports are not covered by the CISF which has now become the only specialised force for aviation security”.

There have also been deficiencies found in crucial security gadgets at several airports. Raising the question is aviation security receiving the attention and importance it deserves?

CISF AIRPORT — Personnel from the CISF’s Quick Response Team

The CISF’s motto is “protection and security” but the force is unfortunately not living up to its credo. How can the average citizen expect to stay safe when the security organisation itself cannot provide their own personnel safety and are having to rely on other forces to do the job assigned to them?

-sources- PTI, Committee reports, CAPF personnel.

Major Reforms: Indian Army To Set Up Special Human Rights Cell

By

Aritra Banerjee

-

August 24, 2019

0

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on Wednesday had announced a series of significant reforms in the Indian Army.
The reforms based on the inputs of senior military personnel and internal studies will serve to transform the army into a leaner and meaner fighting force.

One of the key developments under the massive reorganisation drive is the inception of a special vigilance cell, formed to address allegations of human rights violations and corruption by personnel of the Indian Army.
The Human rights body will be set up at the Army Headquarters (AHQ) in New Delhi and will be headed by Additional Directorate General (ADG), a Major General rank officer. The cell will report directly to the Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS).

RR In JK — Rashtriya Rifles (RR) soldiers patrolling in the valley

indian army strikes across loc again to stop infiltration in jammu kashmir — There have been numerous reports citing use of excessive force in militancy prone areas

The Idea to form an Independent Human rights cell has resulted from increasing International human rights reports, alleging gross violations of human rights by the army in the valley and the Northeast. The body is to investigate the legitimacy of the claims and take actions accordingly.

Major Reforms: Indian Army To Set Up an Anti-Corruption Cell

By

Aritra Banerjee

-

August 24, 2019

1

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on Wednesday had announced a series of significant reforms in the Indian Army. The reforms based on the inputs of senior military personnel and internal studies will serve to transform the army into a leaner and meaner fighting force.

Indian army soldiers — Combat soldiers of the Indian army during a training exercise

The defence minister has announced the creation of a vigilance cell to look into complaints of corruption and impropriety against personnel of the Indian Army. The anti-corruption body will come under the direct authority of the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) and will be headed by an Additional Directorate General (ADG), who is a Major General rank officer, reporting solely to the COAS.

Gen Bipin Rawat 1 — Army Chief General Bipin Rawat

The vigilance cell will have Tri-service representation, constituting three colonel level officers from the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force.

Tri Service Chiefs 1 — Chiefs of all three services

At present, the Army Chief’s vigilance roles are through multiple agencies with no single point of contact. These reforms are aimed to address that.

Different Service Profiles of The Central Armed Police Forces

By

Aritra Banerjee

-

August 24, 2019

0

CAPF service profiles — Different Service Profiles of the CAPF

The Central Armed Police Force (CAPF), refers to the uniform nomenclature of the five security forces, responsible for countering India’s internal security threats. The armed police organisations were raised as a peacetime force, under the administration of the home ministry, to maintain internal security, while the army trains for the event of large scale aggression or a conventional war. Each CAPF have clearly laid out roles and very specific areas of responsibility (AOR).

Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

The CRPF was conceived on 27 July 1939, the newly raise force was christened as ‘The Crowns Representative Police’, before being rechristened as the Central Reserve Police Force, following the enactment of the CRPF act on 28 Dec 1949.

COBRA 1 2 — Commando’s from the CRPF’s elite guerrilla warfare unit

The primary role of this uniformed force is to assist the state and union territories in police operations, maintain law and order, and counter-insurgency.

CRPF IN KASHMIR — CRPF personnel deployed in Counter insurgency operations in the Valley

CRPF Deployed in Bhihar — CRPF Jawaans patrolling a Naxal infested jungle in Bihar

The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is 243 battalions strong, comprising of over 3.5 lakh personnel. These numbers make it the most massive central armed policing organisation in the world. The CRPF is known for its operational versatility, with its personnel performing a range of duties, such as countering insurgency in the valley and the northeast, neutralising the left-wing extremism (LWE) in Naxal infested states, providing VVIP security all the way to ensuring the conduct of fair and free elections across the country.

Cobra Commando 1 — An operator from the Commando Battalion for Resolute Action, the CRPF’s elite counter Naxal unit.

Border Security Force (BSF)

The Border Security Force (BSF) is the premier border policing organisation in the country, serving as the nations first line of defence. The BSF is mandated to guard India’s international boundary and maintain a state of vigilance across 240 km of the Line of Control (LoC) and 6,600 km of the International Border (IB).

BSF patroling the Bangladesh border — BSF Jawaans patrolling the India-Bangladesh border

The requirement of a dedicated border force to be deployed along the LoC, and International Border arose due to hostile neighbours across the countries western frontier. The BSF was formed to bridge the gap between the Indian army and the police force as regular police personnel were not cut out for border roles, and the Indian army was neither designed nor meant, to respond to low intensity border threats.

BSF patroling the border 1 — Jawaans from the Border Security Force maintaining vigil at the Indo-Pak border

The BSF is the worlds largest border police organisation and its personnel tasked with a variety of border duties. The border guards monitor everything from trans-border crimes such as smuggling of Drugs, arms, gold, vehicles and Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICN), counter infiltration attempts, and ensure the safety of citizens living in border areas.

BSF Jawaans celbrating holi — BSF Jawaans celebrating Holi

BSF personnel, unlike the other CAPF’s, are also trained to deal with limited cross border aggression, while the army is kept on standby in case the situation turns into large scale aggression. In such an event the Border men are mandated to move behind, while the Indian army takes over the BSF’s positions.

Indo Tibetian Border Police (ITBP)

The Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) was raised on 24 october, 1962 to reorganise the frontier intelligence and security set up, following Chinese aggression into Indian territory. The Incursion which, led to the Sino-india conflict in 1962.

ITBP personnel are deployed to ensure the security of over 3,488 kilometers of the Indo-China border, performing guard duties, all the way from the Karakoram Pass in Ladakh to Jachip Le in Arunachal Pradesh, serving in temperatures ranging from 9,000′ to 18,700′.

ITBP 2 — ITBP Jawaans celebrating Republic Day in the Himalaya’s

The HimVeers as they are called, are professionally trained mountaineers who serve as the first responders, tending to any natural disaster in their area of responsibility (AOR). They routinely conduct Search and Rescue (SAR) operations on the region and have provided medical assistance to several mountaineers in times of emergency.

Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) was formed on 15 June 1983, with the mandate of protecting and securing critical installations of the country. Infrastructure under the CISF’s protection range from nuclear installations, space establishments, domestic & international airports, seaports, atomic & hydroelectric power plants, sensitive government buildings, heritage sights to infrastructure in Naxal-Maoist prone areas.

With a sanctioned strength of 1,80,000 personnel, it currently provides security to over 300 industrial units. Following the hijacking of Indian airlines IC-814 in 1999, the government proposed the security of airports come under the CISF which was at the time under the purview of the airport police. After the terror attacks of 9/11 in the US the security of airports in India became the responsibility of CISF.

CISF SOLDIER — CISF commando providing VVIP security

Shasastra Seema Bal (SSB)

The Shasastra Seema Bal (SSB) formerly known as the Special Services Bureu is the security force given the responsibility of manning the porous 1,751 Km long India-Nepal Border and the India-Bhutan border. The SSB has also been designated as the lead Intelligence agency in both the regions.

SSB RACKET — SSB Jawaans foil snake venom racket

The force was conceived following India’s defeat in the 1962 Sino-Indo skirmish, with the sole aim of providing ‘total security preparedness’ in the surrounding border areas, by performing a ‘stay behind role’ in the event of another conflict with China.

It was assigned to its present role following K Subramaniyan report on the Kargil war. The SSB is currently spread along the International border across Uttarakhand, UP, Bihar, West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.

SSB’s present mandate

The challenges of manning the open border are more daunting than securing a closed border. The 2450 kms long Indo- Nepal and Indo- Bhutan border is significantly challenging because the open border not only provides alluring encouragement to traffickers and smugglers but, also offers huge opportunities for militants/ ANEs trained on foreign soil to infiltrate and pose a serious threat to national security. It is the border of choice for infiltrators and smugglers.

SSB SOLDIERS RUNNING — SSB Soldiers keeping fighting fit

It is extremely difficult to seal the entire border effectively owing to its porosity and visa free regime, and social economic and cultural relationships with the bordering countries.

The SSB has largely by the virtue of its enormous past experience of working at grass root level in remote areas, has been able to physically guarding the border and foil repeated infiltration and smuggling bids.

1.	Safeguard the security of assigned borders of India and promote sense of security among the people living in border areas.
2.	Prevent trans-border crimes, smuggling and any other illegal activities.
3.	Prevent unauthorized entry into or exit from the territory of India.
4.	Carry out civic action programme in the area of responsibility.
5.	Perform any other duty assigned by the Central Government.(SSB is being deployed for Law & Order, Counter Insurgency Operations and Election duty)

The transition of Special Service Bureau as an organization to Sashastra Seema Bal as a force has been smooth and effective providing much needed security on the countries most porous border.

CRPF1 — Over 44 CRPF Jawaans laid down their lives in the Pulwama terror attacks earlier this year

The Central Armed Police forces personnel have often been mistaken as soldiers from the Indian army and have been wrongly dubbed as a paramilitary force by the mainstream media.

The CAPF’s though often receiving overlapping mandates, are five independent uniformed forces with their own distinct identities and rigorous tasks cut out for out for them. They are sentinels protecting national interests, working tirelessly in peacetime, often at a great cost.

15 Things You Need To Know About The CRPF

By

Aritra Banerjee

-

August 24, 2019

0

What is the CRPF?

The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is one of the five armed police organisations which are under the administration of the home ministry. The primary role of this Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) is to assist the state and union territories in police operations, maintain law and order, and counter-insurgency. The CRPF is renowned for its operational versatility, with personnel from the security organisation performing a range of duties. Such as countering insurgency in the valley and the northeast, neutralising the left-wing extremism (LWE) in Naxal infested states, providing VVIP security to ensuring the conduct of fair and free elections across the country.

Pulwama Terror 4 — The aftermath of the Pulwama Terror Attack

Unfortunately, most people were not aware of the CRPF until the Pulwama terror attack, which claimed the lives of over 44 of its personnel earlier this year. The terror attack became a rallying point for the entire country with the previously unacknowledged force at the forefront of national debate and political rhetoric.

CRPF1 1 — The martyrs of the Pulwama terror attack

Here are 15 facts that will highlight the distinct identity of the CRPF!

The CRPF is the Largest Central Armed Police force (CAPF) of India with a 3.5 lakh strong force spread over 243 battalions.

The force was initially conceived by the British as the Crowns representative police. Following India’s Independence, it was rechristened as the Central Reserve Police Force under sanctioned under the CRPF act of 1949. The home minister at the time, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, had visualised a multi-dimensional role for it in line with the evolving needs of a newly independent nation.

CRPF Deployed in Bhihar 2 — CRPF personnel deployed in the jungles of Bihar

CRPF men were the first to bear the brunt of the initial Chinese onslaught at Hot Springs (Ladakh) on 21 October 1959, when a small patrol was ambushed and overwhelmingly outnumbered by the Chinese. Over ten CRPF men laid down their lives in the ensuing battle. Their Martyrdom on that day is observed throughout the country as the ‘Police Commemoration Day’.

Indo Sino Clashes — Indian and Chinese soldiers standing eyeball to eyeball with their bayonets out

The CRPF has assisted the Indian Army in all of the countries wars. Two companies of CRPF on 9 April 1965, managed to repulse a devastating attack of a Pakistan Infantry Brigade. Preventing them from them entering the Sardar Post at Rann of Kutch holding their ground until Army came and finally took over. This day is celebrated as Shaurya Divas.

CRPF 2 — CRPF jawaans with army personnel in Kashmir

The CRPF has its own IED School, Dog Training school, Counter Insurgency school, Jungle warfare school, Map reading school, Computer Training School along with two other premier academies to train their Officers, situated at Mt Abu and Gurgaon respectively.

CRPF Training academy — Female CRPF Officer Cadet being awarded

The brave Jawans of the Force were forced to test their mettle during the suicide attack, on the Indian Parliament, by Pakistani militants on 13 December 2001. All five militants were killed in the ensuing gun battle which had taken place for over 30 minutes. However, a female Constable was killed in the firefight and was posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra on 26 January 2002, for displaying exemplary courage and presence of mind in the face of overwhelming odds

Martyrs of the 2001 Parliament attack — PM Narendra Modi paying homage to the martyrs of the parliament attack

It is the most decorated police force in the country awarded with, 1 George Cross, 1 Ashok Chakra, 3 Kirti Chakra, 1 Padma Shri, 1 Vir chakra, 16 Shourya Chakra, 196 Presidents Police Medal for Gallantry, 1,225 Police Medals for Gallantry among other decorations.

CRPF Award — President of India Ram Nath Kobind awarding a CRPF Jawaan

The Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA) is the CRPF’s special operations force. It was formed in 2008 to conduct precise intelligence-based ambushes on Naxalites, and has since become one the countries deadliest counter-insurgency force. The COBRA’s are one of the only elite units to be trained solely for Jungle warfare, Guerrilla Warfare and Counter-Insurgency. Its commandos have been responsible for the elimination of key Naxal leaders over the past ten years.

COBRA 3 1 — The CRPF’s elite Jungle Warriors

Women-only Battalion – The CRPF is the only armed police force in the country which boasts six Mahila (ladies) Battalions. With female personnel from these battalions are presently deployed to operational areas in Jammu and Kashmir, and the North-Eastern states.

CRPF Mahila Battalion — Mahila Battalion honing their firing skills

The CRPF in the last five years has neutralised over 715 militants/Naxals. They have apprehended around 10,626 Maoists and have forced the surrender of 1,994. The CRPF has also recovered 5,176 illegal arms, 16,27,43 number of assorted ammunition, 54394 kgs of explosives, 2,917 grenades, 2,298 bombs, 56 rockets, 2063 IEDs, 31,653 detonators, 4084 gelatin sticks, 13850 kgs of narcotics and over ten crores of cash.

The CRPF has undertaken several rescue and relief operations during several natural calamities like Orissa’s Super Cyclone (1999), The Gujarat Earthquake (2001), Tsunami (2004) and The J&K Earthquake (2005).

The force has proven its professionalism during various overseas UN deployments like Sri Lanka (1987), Haiti (1995), Kosovo (2000) & Liberia (Women Contingent) (2007).

The CRPF is the state governments go-to agency; the government heavily banks upon to ensure free and fair elections, be it the Parliamentary or the Assembly Elections around the country.

CRPF on election Duty — CRPF Jawaan deployed on election duty

17.5% of the Force is deputed to guard vital installations of Central and State Govts in insurgency affected areas. These installations include, Secretariats, Doordarshan Kendras, Telephone exchanges, Banks, Hydroelectric projects, Jails etc.

CRPF IN KASHMIR 1 — CRPF personnel deployed in Kashmir

The CRPF is also deployed for the security of Parliament House and around 10 companies (Coys) of force are deployed for the security of three sensitive shrines, i.e. Krishna Janma Bhoomi, Shahi Idgah Masjidcomplex (Mathura), Ram Janma Bhoomi- Barbi Masjid complex (Ayodhya) and Kashi Vishwanath Temple- Gyanvapi Mosque(Varanasi) and 4 companies (Coys) of the Force are deputed for the security of Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine, Katra, Jammu (J&K)

CRPF commandos — CRPF Personnel refining their marksmanship

The force is extremely flexible possessing the unique ability to adapt to various situational requirements, and work in unison with the State Police.

The CRPF has, over the years, acquired the distinction of being perhaps the most acceptable Force, by the people and the State administrations.

(Inputs from Assistant Commandant (AC) Chethan B Rangaswamy, officer at the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

“There is no foul play” says official, on CRPF officers alleged suicide

By

Aritra Banerjee

-

August 24, 2019

0

New Delhi, Aug 24: A 33-year-old Assistant Commandant of the CRPF posted in Kashmir allegedly committed suicide by shooting himself from his personal weapon, officials said Saturday. M Arvind of the 40th battalion was found dead at his residence in Sadar area of Anantnag on Friday evening, they said. He shot himself from his service weapon, the officials said.

CRPF Patroling jungle 1 — CRPF personnel patrolling Naxal infested jungles

Arvind had joined the Central Reserve Police Force as a direct-entry officer in 2014 and had joined his unit on August 14 after leave. His wife joined him on August 20 at the place of his posting and initial probe reveals that the reason for the officer taking the extreme step is some marital issue.

CRPF Deployed in Bhihar 3 — CRPF patrolling the jungles of Bihar

“There is no foul play. There are some reports in social media attributing the incident due to bad living conditions, which is untrue,” a senior official of the force said. The officer hailed from Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu and his body is being sent to his hometown, the official said. An enquiry into the alleged suicide incident has been ordered, he said. (PTI)

AFCAT 2 2019 Cut Off Marks [Official]

By

SSBCrack

-

August 24, 2019

0

UPDATED: Once again, SSBCrack has predicted the correct cut off marks for AFCAT exam, the official AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks are 142 marks as declared by the IAF. SSBCrack has predicted the cut off marks as 140 marks. AFCAT 2 2019 exam was conducted online by CDAC on behalf of the Indian air force on 24th and 25th Aug 2019 Saturday and Sunday across the country at various online test centres. AFCAT 2 2019 was conducted to find the potential future air warriors into flying, ground and technical branches of the Indian air force. Official cut off marks will be published by Indian Air Force in Sep-Oct 2019. AFCAT 2 2019 exam was conducted online by CDAC on behalf of the Indian air force on 24th and 25th Aug 2019 Saturday and Sunday across the country at various online test centres. Through AFCAT 2 2019 Indian Air Force will get the potential officers for its flying, ground and technical branches. In this article we are going to talk about what could be the expected AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks, we are going to predict the AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks purely based on previous trends and inputs from the aspirants. GK questions asked in AFCAT 2 2019 were average but do need preparation. GK questions were similar to other competitive exams and similar questions were shared here on SSBCrack. Maths questions in AFCAT 2 2019 were easy and similar to previous question papers. Reasoning questions were a little tougher than last time, though the questions from English were easy. Overall defence aspirants say that the AFCAT 2 2019 question paper was easy on 24th Aug 2019.

Exam	Official Cut Off marks
AFCAT 2 2019	142
EKT 2 2019	50

Once again, SSBCrack has predicted the correct cut off marks for AFCAT exam, the official AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks are 142 marks as declared by the IAF. SSBCrack has predicted the cut off marks as 140 marks.

How To Check AFCAT Marks

Visit AFCAT CDAC website.
Click on the candidates’ login.
Select AFCAT 2 2019.
Enter your email id and password.
Click on marks.
If you are qualified, you can select the AFCAT AFSB interview date and venue.

https://www.instagram.com/p/B3CTuvDgXwT/

Going by the trend, AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks will remain around 140 marks.

UPDATED: Once again, SSBCrack has predicted the correct cut off marks for AFCAT exam, the official AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks are 142 marks as declared by the IAF. SSBCrack has predicted the cut off marks as 140 marks.

AFCAT	AFCAT Cut Off	EKT Cut Off
AFCAT 2 2019	142	50
AFCAT 1 2019	133	50
AFCAT 2 2018	140	55
AFCAT 1 2018	155	60
AFCAT 2 2017	160	60
AFCAT 1 2017	150	60
AFCAT 2 2016	148	60
AFCAT 1 2016	132	52
AFCAT 2 2015	144	52
AFCAT 1 2015	126	55
AFCAT 2 2014	123	45

Candidates who are looking for AFCAT 2 2019 answer keys and AFCAT 2 2019 official cut off marks can refer to the links below:

Syllabus:

English: Comprehension, Error Detection, Sentence Completion/Filling in of correct word, Synonyms, Antonyms and Testing of Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
General Awareness: History, Geography, Civics, Politics, Current Affairs, Environment, Basic Science, Defence, Art, Culture, Sports, etc
Numerical Ability: Decimal Fraction, Time and Work, Average, Profit & Loss, Percentage, Ratio & Proportion and Simple Interest, Time & Distance (Trains/Boats & Streams)
Reasoning and Military Aptitude Test: Verbal Skills and Spatial Ability
The standard of Numerical Ability Questions will be of Matriculation level. The standard of questions in other subjects will be of graduation level.

51TKF3bv7IL. SX373 BO1204203200 — AFCAT Book

https://www.instagram.com/p/B1iuyK3AfSr/

AFCAT 2 2019 Cut Off Marks [Expected]

By

SSBCrack

-

August 24, 2019

0

Once again, SSBCrack has predicted the correct cut off marks for AFCAT exam, the official AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks are 142 marks as declared by the IAF. SSBCrack has predicted the cut off marks as 140 marks. AFCAT 2 2019 exam was conducted online by CDAC on behalf of the Indian air force on 24th and 25th Aug 2019 Saturday and Sunday across the country at various online test centres. Through AFCAT 2 2019 Indian Air Force will get the potential officers for its flying, ground and technical branches. In this article we are going to talk about what could be the expected AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks, we are going to predict the AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks purely based on previous trends and inputs from the aspirants. GK questions asked in AFCAT 2 2019 were average but do need preparation. GK questions were similar to other competitive exams and similar questions were shared here on SSBCrack. Maths questions in AFCAT 2 2019 were easy and similar to previous question papers. Reasoning questions were a little tougher than last time, though the questions from English were easy. Overall defence aspirants say that the AFCAT 2 2019 question paper was easy on 24th Aug 2019.

Going by the trend, AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks will remain around 140 marks.

Once again, SSBCrack has predicted the correct cut off marks for AFCAT exam, the official AFCAT 2 2019 cut off marks are 142 marks as declared by the IAF. SSBCrack has predicted the cut off marks as 140 marks.

AFCAT	AFCAT Cut Off	EKT Cut Off
AFCAT 2 2019	142	50
AFCAT 1 2019	133	50
AFCAT 2 2018	140	55
AFCAT 1 2018	155	60
AFCAT 2 2017	160	60
AFCAT 1 2017	150	60
AFCAT 2 2016	148	60
AFCAT 1 2016	132	52
AFCAT 2 2015	144	52
AFCAT 1 2015	126	55
AFCAT 2 2014	123	45

Candidates who are looking for AFCAT 2 2019 answer keys and AFCAT 2 2019 official cut off marks can refer to the links below:

https://www.instagram.com/p/B3CTuvDgXwT/

Syllabus:

English: Comprehension, Error Detection, Sentence Completion/Filling in of correct word, Synonyms, Antonyms and Testing of Vocabulary, Idioms and Phrases
General Awareness: History, Geography, Civics, Politics, Current Affairs, Environment, Basic Science, Defence, Art, Culture, Sports, etc
Numerical Ability: Decimal Fraction, Time and Work, Average, Profit & Loss, Percentage, Ratio & Proportion and Simple Interest, Time & Distance (Trains/Boats & Streams)
Reasoning and Military Aptitude Test: Verbal Skills and Spatial Ability
The standard of Numerical Ability Questions will be of Matriculation level. The standard of questions in other subjects will be of graduation level.

https://www.instagram.com/p/B1iuyK3AfSr/

General Knowledge eBook SSBCrack — General Knowledge eBook

AFCAT 2 2019 Question Paper – Questions and Answer [ORIGINAL]

By

SSBCrack

-

August 24, 2019

0

AFCAT 2 2019 Question Paper – Questions and Answer 24 & 25 August 2019: AFCAT 2 2019 was conducted online conducted on 24th and 25th August in shift 1 and 2. We have collected a few questions from AFCAT 2 2019 question paper and we thank all the aspirants and our readers who have taken time to submit these AFCAT 2 2019 Questions. Candidates can go through AFCAT 2 2019 questions and answers, we will keep updating this post as and when we get more questions from AFCAT 2 2019. We request aspirants to submit the questions in the comment section below. You will find AFCAT 2 2019 English Maths GK and Aptitude Question Papers and answer from them from shit-1 and shit-2.

AFCAT 2 2019 Questions and Answer Key (Updating): Questions are collected from the aspirants and these are memory-based questions from AFCAT 2 2019 Maths, English, GK and Reasoning shift -1 and shift 2

Q1. How many overs are there in the 1st Powerplay?
Q2. Who is the author of Life of Pie?
Q3. Who is considered the father of Indian revolutionary ideas?
Q4.Who was the First Governor-General India?
Q5. Which line passes through the Australian Subcontinent?
Q6. Who is known as Bradman of Women’s Cricket?
Q7. Which Female athlete won Gold in 2014 CWG in Weightlifting (48 Kg)? Q8. Which satellite is being launched by NASA to Mars in 2020?
Q9. In which Upanishad is Satyamev Jayate?
Q10. “CANT” is related to which sport?
Q11.Choose the odd one out: Albatross–Penguin—Ostrich–Pelican
Q12. Who is the Winner of UEFA 2019?
Q13. Who is the Writer of Padmavat?
Q14. Name of ISROs Space Program with the highest number of Satellites.
Q15. Oldest Veda

(Choose nearest to the given word)- 1. Allegiance.
Ans.- loyalty.
2. Abash
Ans.- distress, ashamed.
3. Altruism.
Ans.- selflessness
(Choose opposite to the given word)- 1. Adroit.
Ans.- foolish/incompetent
2. Vague:
Ans.- Clear
Odd one out:
Plethora: abundance: scanty: surfeit(not sure)
(Choose nearest to the idiom):
1.To bury the hatchet.
Ans: to make peace with the enemy
2. Strain every nerve.

First indian gov general of free india?

capital of Bolivia

Metal used in making boat?

Metal used for making aeroplane parts

First governor general of independent india?

Lady don bradman ?

oldest veda? first player to get padma vibhushan? author of story of pi? satyamevjayte is taken from? ozone depletion is due to ? boat is made of which metal?

Founder of INA

Radioactivie metal used to treat cancer?

First battle of Panipat

Kamaljeet sandhu won medal in which sports event ??

Father of revolutionary thoughts

author of padmavat

Who wrote Argumentive Indians….Shri Sardar singh related to which sports….metal used in Aeroplane….highest peak of Africa….who demanded pakistan….Upnishads’ idea….5000 surface to surface ballistic missile by drdo….how many overs by one bowler in T20….1st women champion of Wimbledon….mogadishu capital. …designer of tajmahal…..gatway of india in formed in which style…. grt old man of india….1st battle of panipat…

Author of life of pi?

2024 summer Olympics venue

Which is the oldest religious book?

Radioactive elememt used in cancer treatment

Sri sardar Singh is associated with which sport

Maximum no. Of overs by a single bowler allowed in a T20 match

Taj Mahal designer

Great old man of India

Number of satellites lunched together by India?

Author of argumentative Indian

5000 km. Range surface to surface missile

First sportsman’s to receive padma vibhushna?

Powerplay overs in the t20 cricket?

Which lattitude passes through Australia

Theme of Upnishads

Pituitary: brain:: thymus :??

Find the odd one out A. Albatross B. Ostrich C. Pelican D. Penguin

Gabbar kidnapped Basanti and placed him a tunnel which has a length of 500 m. He tied her from 200 m distance from one side. Veeru heroically saved Basanti and at the same time a train was approaching the tunnel. They ran at a speed of 10m/s to the nearer end and missed the collision very closely. Find the speed of the train.

Marshall, Randy and Roger has some coins. Marshall’s 5 times coin is equal with Randy’s 8 times coin. Marshall’s 8 times coin is equal with Roger’s 5 times coin. Find the minimum coin the three have in total.

A seller says he sells goods at 10% loss , but he actually uses the wrong measuring scale and gains 15%.what is the length of scale?

Someone borrowed 7000 at some interest rate for 3 years and after 3 years he again borrowed 3000 with same rate . If he end up giving simple interest of 4615 after 8 years then what was his interest rate ?

A boat goes downstream from point A to point B then to point c (which is midway between A and B) ,find the distance between A and B if speed of boat in still water is 16kph and that of stream is 4 kph ?

A man earn a commission at 10%. When he sells product of value more than 20k ,he earns bonus of extra 5%, if he earned 2600 commission , find bonus amount.

Alok office 100km from his home . Once he started late from his home by 1 hour . He increased his speed by 5kph and reached office on time, find his changed speed.

A man daily goes to temple which is 4km away from his home at a speed of 4kph. Once he decided to take his dog with him . The dog reached the temple and returned back to his owner then turn back again and ran towards temple ,this goes on and on. Find the distance covered by dog in the direction of temple if the speed of dog is 8kph.

A train has 10 compartments and no 2 compartments have same no. Of passengers . Average of passengers is 15or 18 (not sure) . And no compartments has no. Of passengers more than the average no. Except compartments ten. Find no. Of passengers in 10th compartment.

General knowledge questions:1)Capital of colombia:bogota2)WHO Headquartered: geneva3)ghiyasuddin tughlaq nick nm: ghazi malik4)which dynasty established kailash temple ellora caves MH Built by :Rashtraqutas krishna -15)father of geometry: Euclid6)How many medals have been won by Micheal Phelps: 287)Which text of the Vedas refers to Medicine? Atharvaved8)Which cricketer reached fastest 10000 runs in ODI? Virat bhaisab9)Duckworth Lewis” is related to which game? Cricket10)Who was the founder of Mughal dynasty? Babur11)The Khilafat Movement was merged with which movement? Non Cooperation movement 12)What is the distance between the stumps in cricket? 9inches overall including gaps.13)Who rejected the Muslim League’s demand for Pakistan:cabinet mission 14)Which book was authored by Vikram Seth? :A Suitable Boy15)Which lines run parallel to the equator? latitude 16)Who Invented Electricity? Benjamin Franklin 17)Which gas results in Brown Cloud Atmosphere? NO218)Sun occupies how much percentage of area? 99.98% 19)Which of the following a non-ferrous element? Copper 20)Which Desert is not located in Asia out of sahara, thar, gobi and…

Candidates who are looking for AFCAT 2 2019 answer keys and AFCAT 2 2019 official cut off marks can refer to the links below:

https://www.instagram.com/p/B1i0rowAET-/

Many Indian Air Force aspirants will be attending AFCAT 2 2019 online exam across the country. SSBCrack wishes all the aspirants for the success in their exam. Candidates who are new to AFCAT can download the AFCAT 2019 question papers with answers attached in the article. These AFCAT previous questions will help you get an idea about the questions you will be facing in the AFCAT online exam.

AFCAT 2019 Questions

How are gallantry awards vetted?

Param Vir Chakra

Ashok Chakra

Mahavir Chakra

Kirti Chakra

Vir Chakra

Shaurya Chakra

This years awards in numbers

Bullet proof jackets issued to CISF personnel incapable of withstanding AK-47 rounds:

Lack of funds compromise the security of over 27 sensitive airports:

(EXCERPT FROM REPORT)

Other CAPF’s being forced to cover

Twenty Indian airports lack Counter Terrorism plans:

Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)

Border Security Force (BSF)

Indo Tibetian Border Police (ITBP)

Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

Shasastra Seema Bal (SSB)

SSB’s present mandate

What is the CRPF?

Here are 15 facts that will highlight the distinct identity of the CRPF!

AFCAT 2 2019 Online Exam Pattern

NOTIFICATION

EXAMS UPDATE

About Us

Other Websites