Sweden has initiated a significant public preparedness campaign by distributing millions of pamphlets aimed at educating residents on how to prepare for potential conflict, following the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine. This move marks a notable shift for Sweden and its Nordic neighbor, Finland, both of which have recently advanced towards NATO membership after abandoning decades of military non-alignment due to increased security concerns stemming from Russian actions.
Mikael Frisell, director of the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB), emphasized the seriousness of the current security situation, stating, “The security situation is serious and we all need to strengthen our resilience to face various crises and ultimately war.” The Swedish government has been proactive since the onset of the war in Ukraine, repeatedly urging citizens to mentally and logistically prepare for the possibility of an armed conflict.
Historically, Sweden drastically reduced its defense spending after the Cold War, pivoting towards international peacekeeping operations. However, the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 prompted a reevaluation of this approach, leading to a significant increase in defense expenditure, the reintroduction of conscription, and infrastructure improvements such as fortified bomb shelters and enhanced transportation networks. The establishment of a Psychological Defence Agency has further aimed to combat disinformation.
The newly released 32-page booklet, titled “If Crisis or War Comes,” is a continuation of a public information campaign that has seen similar pamphlets distributed since World War II. Over the next two weeks, 5.2 million households will receive this brochure, which includes guidance on preparing for war, natural disasters, and cyber or terror attacks. The updated pamphlet notably excludes direct references to specific countries but warns of increasing military threats and encourages readiness for worst-case scenarios.
The updated pamphlet advises citizens on practical steps, such as stockpiling non-perishable food and water, keeping cash on hand, and cultivating personal gardens for fruits and vegetables. This latest edition places a heavier emphasis on war preparedness compared to its last issuance in 2018, which was the first time a public preparedness pamphlet had been circulated since the Cold War peak in 1961.
In Finland, the government has concurrently taken steps to bolster national security by launching a new website focused on crisis preparedness. This initiative reflects the country’s unique position, sharing a 1,340-kilometer (830-mile) border with Russia, and aims to further educate citizens about readiness for various emergencies. Finland has kept a heightened state of preparedness since the war in Ukraine began and has announced plans to erect a 200-kilometer fence along its border with Russia, scheduled for completion by 2026. This fence will be three meters (10 feet) tall and topped with barbed wire, a direct response to perceived threats from Moscow.
Last year, Finland closed its eight border crossings with Russia, citing a surge in migrant crossings as part of what it deemed a hybrid attack orchestrated by the Kremlin. These collective measures by Sweden and Finland highlight a profound shift in defense priorities in the face of regional instability, showcasing a clear and actionable response to potential threats in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape.
