In a stern and unequivocal message, the Indian Armed Forces have warned Pakistan against any further misadventures, affirming their readiness to deliver a swift and decisive response to provocations. This declaration comes as Operation Sindoor—a precision military campaign targeting terrorist camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK)—enters a critical phase.
Vice Admiral A.N. Pramod, Director General of Naval Operations, addressed a high-level press briefing in the national capital, stating, “If Pakistan dares take action, they know what we are going to do.” He emphasized India’s superior maritime capabilities, asserting that the Navy holds both quantitative and qualitative dominance, capable of delivering a “massive blow to the adversary” and maintaining complete control over the seas.
Operation Sindoor was launched in retaliation to the heinous April 22 terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, where Pakistani-sponsored terrorists brutally killed 26 civilians, including a Nepalese national, and Indian Navy officer Lt. Vinay Narwal. In response, the Indian military struck nine terror facilities, including the notorious Lashkar-e-Taiba’s Markaz Taiba in Muridke, believed to have links to the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
Vice Admiral Pramod elaborated on the Navy’s rapid mobilization following the Pahalgam massacre. Within 96 hours, India’s carrier battle group, submarines, surface ships, and aviation units were forward-deployed to the northern Arabian Sea in full combat readiness. Live-fire drills were conducted to demonstrate operational preparedness, with targets including Karachi under close observation and well within striking range.
“The Navy’s posture at sea forced Pakistan into a hasty appeal for ceasefire,” the Vice Admiral noted. “Most of their naval and air assets remained docked in harbors or close to the coast, where we maintained continuous surveillance.” Despite this strategic advantage, India’s approach has remained “measured, proportionate, and non-escalatory.”
Also present at the briefing were the Director Generals of Military and Air Operations, who confirmed that Operation Sindoor had successfully neutralized key terror infrastructure deep within Pakistan. The operation, while military in nature, has stirred regional tensions, with countries such as Qatar, Iran, Japan, Germany, Israel, France, and Bangladesh calling for de-escalation.
Pakistan’s reaction has included intensified shelling along the Line of Control (LoC), particularly in the Poonch sector, resulting in the deaths of 12 civilians and one Indian soldier. India responded firmly while maintaining escalation within manageable thresholds. Border states like Rajasthan have since heightened security protocols.
In light of the evolving situation, the Indian government has convened an all-party meeting to ensure national unity. Political leaders from across party lines have expressed support for the armed forces. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee stated her full solidarity with the central government, while Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta issued a stern warning that “bigger steps” would be taken if Pakistan continued its provocations.
As Operation Sindoor continues to unfold, India’s Armed Forces remain on high alert, with the Navy sustaining its deterrent presence at sea. The message is clear: India seeks peace, but is prepared for all contingencies to safeguard its sovereignty and citizens.
Following the devastating terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, on April 22, 2025, which claimed the lives of 26 civilians, the Indian Navy launched a strategic operation named “Operation Sindoor.” The operation was a direct response to the attack, which was attributed to Pakistan-sponsored terrorists, and aims to reaffirm India’s military readiness and strength.
Vice Admiral AN Pramod, speaking at a press briefing, detailed the rapid and decisive actions of the Indian Navy. Within 96 hours of the Pahalgam incident, the Navy mobilized its Carrier Battle Group, surface forces, submarines, and aviation assets in the Northern Arabian Sea. This rapid deployment was part of a broader strategy to test and enhance operational readiness, ensuring that all naval personnel, equipment, and platforms were prepared to deliver precise strikes on selected targets.
“The operation was aimed at revalidating the crew, armament, equipment, and platform readiness, ensuring that we can deliver ordnance with precision when required,” Vice Admiral Pramod explained.
#WATCH | Delhi: #OperationSindoor | Vice Admiral AN Pramod says, "In the aftermath of the cowardly attacks on innocent tourists at Pahalgam in Jammu and Kashmir by Pakistani sponsored terrorists on 22nd April, the Indian Navy's Carrier battle group, surface forces, submarines and… pic.twitter.com/ECYUWUpjoj
One of the key elements of Operation Sindoor was the strategic forward deployment of Indian naval forces, which successfully pressured Pakistani naval and air units into adopting a defensive posture. This had the effect of limiting their movement to harbors and coastal areas, ensuring a strong and transparent maritime domain awareness. The Navy’s presence in the region was described as measured and responsible, with India emphasizing a non-escalatory approach while remaining prepared to take offensive actions if necessary.
The operation also involved close coordination with the Indian Army and Air Force, forming a synchronized application of force that demonstrated India’s comprehensive military capability. The significant presence of the Indian Navy in the region contributed to Pakistan’s urgent request for a ceasefire, signaling the effectiveness of India’s strategic military posture.
As of now, the Indian Navy remains deployed in a credible deterrent posture, prepared to respond decisively to any hostile actions from Pakistan or other adversaries. Vice Admiral Pramod affirmed that the Navy’s readiness and operational superiority at sea had already impacted Pakistan’s military strategy, with the Pakistani forces now constrained by India’s presence and operational readiness.
This response follows a series of escalations between India and Pakistan, including India’s “Operation Sindoor” on May 7, 2025, which saw precision missile strikes on terrorist camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir. These operations reflect India’s unwavering commitment to protecting its citizens from cross-border terrorism while maintaining a responsible, strategic approach to regional security.
The Indian government’s response continues to underscore its determination to safeguard national security, with a clear message that any future provocations will be met with a strong, decisive military response.
In a career spanning nearly four decades, Air Marshal Awadhesh Kumar Bharti has risen through the ranks of the Indian Air Force with a legacy built on precision, leadership, and innovation. From piloting combat missions to redefining India’s aerial doctrine, his contributions have left a lasting imprint on the country’s defense landscape. His story is not only about flying jets but about shaping how India secures its skies and deters its adversaries.
Known for his calm decisiveness and operational brilliance, Air Marshal Bharti has played a pivotal role during some of the IAF’s most high-stakes moments, including recent operations that showcased India’s advanced aerial capabilities. His strategic thinking, technical mastery, and mentorship have helped modernize the Air Force while inspiring a new generation of officers.
Commissioned into the fighter stream of the IAF in 1987, Air Marshal AK Bharti’s journey began with a promise of excellence that he has consistently fulfilled. An alumnus of the National Defence Academy (NDA), the Defence Services Staff College, and the prestigious National Defence College, his academic and operational background reflect the depth of his preparation for leadership in India’s defense apparatus.
His expertise in air combat tactics was solidified early on when he became a Fighter Combat Leader, a mark of distinction that placed him among the IAF’s elite tactical minds.
Command Roles and Operational Leadership
Air Marshal Bharti’s career is dotted with landmark appointments and responsibilities that have tested and proven his leadership. As the Flight Commander of a Sukhoi-30MKI squadron, and later as the Commanding Officer of No. 30 Squadron, he was instrumental in operationalizing one of the IAF’s most powerful aircraft platforms.
His leadership extended to commanding 2 Wing, Lohegaon (Pune) and serving as Senior Air Staff Officer at the Central Air Command. He also holds the post of Director General Air Operations, a critical role in managing India’s aerial warfare strategies and mission execution.
Excellence in Action
During his tenure as squadron leader, he guided his unit through rigorous training exercises such as Gagan Shakti, as well as international air drills with top air forces like the Royal Air Force (Exercise Indradhanush 2006) and the French Air Force (Exercise Garuda 2007).
These exercises tested the limits of pilot readiness and tactical innovation. Under Bharti’s command, the squadron consistently received “Above Average” and “Exceptional” ratings, a testament to his insistence on operational perfection.
Awards, Innovation, and Strategic Vision
His devotion to duty has been officially recognized through numerous awards, including the Vayu Sena Medal, awarded for distinguished service. In 1997, he was also commended by the Chief of Air Staff, and later received “Three Stars” for accident-free flying — a rare feat in the high-risk world of fighter aviation.
More than just a field leader, Bharti has contributed significantly to doctrinal advancements. His strategic input was crucial in integrating advanced weapon systems into the Sukhoi-30MKI platform. He has been instrumental in evolving the “Air Dominance Force” concept, a doctrine central to India’s 21st-century airpower strategy.
Legacy in the Making
Air Marshal Bharti continues to shape operational frameworks and mentor the next generation of IAF officers. His legacy is defined not only by his combat achievements but also by his forward-thinking approach to warfare, personnel development, and strategic planning.
Air Marshal AK Bharti exemplifies the finest values of the Indian Air Force — courage, innovation, discipline, and unwavering dedication to national security. As India navigates complex security dynamics in the region, leaders like him remain pivotal to ensuring peace through strength.
In a significant military operation, India launched “Operation Sindoor” on May 7, 2025, executing precision air and ground strikes against multiple terrorist camps located in Pakistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK). The operation is in direct response to a recent terror attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, which left 26 civilians dead.
During a press briefing, Air Marshal AK Bharti elaborated on the mission’s objectives, underscoring the operation’s strategic precision. “Our goal was to neutralize specific targets critical to terrorist operations,” Air Marshal Bharti explained, adding, “Whatever methods and whatever means we have chosen, it had the desired effects on the enemy targets.”
While the mission’s primary goal was not to inflict casualties, the Air Marshal emphasized that any unintended losses were incidental to the success of the operation, asserting, “Our job is to hit the target, not to count the body bags.”
#WATCH | Delhi: #OperationSindoor | Air Marshal AK Bharti says, "Whatever methods and whatever means we have chosen, it had the desired effects on the enemy targets. How many casualties? How many injuries? Our aim was not to inflict casualties, but in case there have been, it is… pic.twitter.com/uK9OBYuQp1
The operation saw a coordinated effort from both the Indian Air Force and the Army, making use of cutting-edge technology including loitering munitions, Kamikaze drones, and extended-range artillery shells. These advanced weaponry systems were deployed to hit high-value targets such as terrorist airbases and command centers. The strikes were carefully designed to disrupt terrorist activities without triggering a broader conflict.
A key aspect of Operation Sindoor was its precision, which resulted in minimal collateral damage while maximizing the effectiveness of the operation. This approach reflects the evolving nature of modern military warfare, which increasingly emphasizes the use of precise strikes that adhere to international norms, aiming to limit civilian casualties and prevent unnecessary escalation.
The operation comes amid rising tensions between India and Pakistan, with both countries accusing each other of violating ceasefire agreements along the Line of Control (LoC). However, Indian officials have consistently defended their actions as necessary to protect national security and prevent further terrorist attacks on Indian soil.
In the aftermath of the strikes, global leaders have called for restraint and dialogue, urging both nations to avoid further military escalation. However, India’s stance remains firm. The government has made it clear that any future terrorist provocations will be met with similar, decisive action, reinforcing its commitment to the security and safety of its citizens.
As the situation continues to develop, the international community remains on high alert, closely monitoring the situation in South Asia for any signs of further military action or diplomatic efforts.
The Indian Air Force has confirmed the successful completion of Operation Sindoor, a precision strike targeting terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan. In a high-level press briefing, Air Marshal AK Bharti emphasized that the mission’s primary objective — the dismantling of cross-border terror networks — was fully accomplished, with all Indian pilots returning safely.
“You know, we are in a combat scenario and losses are a part of combat,” Bharti stated, addressing questions on operational details. “The question that you must ask us, and indeed that we must ask ourselves, is, have we achieved our objective — have we achieved our objective of decimating the terrorists? And the answer is a thumping yes. The results are for the whole world to see.”
While affirming mission success, Bharti declined to share specifics regarding aircraft losses or operational assets, citing the ongoing nature of the conflict. “At this time, I would not like to comment on that because we are still in a combat situation. And if I comment on anything, it will only be advantage, adversary,” he noted. “All I can say is that we have achieved our objectives that we selected and all our pilots are back home.”
#WATCH | Delhi: #OperationSindoor | Air Marshal AK Bharti says, "…All I can say is that we have achieved our objectives that we selected and all our pilots are back home…" pic.twitter.com/4EvWb6PeGQ
The strike, conducted under close coordination between various branches of the Indian Armed Forces, was part of a broader response to escalating cross-border threats, including recent drone and munitions attacks allegedly originating from Pakistani territory. The Indian government has framed the operation as both a defensive necessity and a message of zero tolerance toward terrorism.
Operation Sindoor, revealed in a Press Information Bureau (PIB) statement dated May 6, 2025, involved precision targeting and strict rules of engagement to avoid collateral damage and broader escalation. Indian officials have reiterated the country’s commitment to peace while reserving the right to act decisively against any threat to national security.
Strategic analysts view the operation as a clear demonstration of India’s capability to conduct high-risk missions with precision and restraint. With global attention focused on South Asia, India’s approach in Operation Sindoor may well influence regional military doctrines in the months ahead.
The Indian Air Force’s elite Garud Commando Force has successfully neutralized several Pakistani drones over the past four days, marking a significant tactical response in the intensifying conflict between India and Pakistan. The operations, conducted along the sensitive India-Pakistan border, highlight the growing prominence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern warfare, particularly in surveillance and targeted strikes.
In today’s briefing it was confirmed that the Garud Commandos—trained for high-stakes missions including special reconnaissance and counter-insurgency—were strategically deployed to intercept drone intrusions. Using their expertise and advanced gear such as ghillie suits, these elite snipers operated in rugged terrain and successfully took down multiple hostile UAVs, neutralizing potential threats aimed at Indian installations and territory.
The drone engagements occur amid a sharp military escalation between the two nuclear-armed neighbors. Over the past week, India has launched precision strikes targeting Pakistani military infrastructure, including an alleged attack on Pakistan Air Force Base Bholari on May 10, which reportedly caused heavy damage to its technical systems and command centers. Pakistan, meanwhile, has claimed it shot down 25 Indian drones in cities including Karachi and Lahore and accused India of aggression along the Line of Control (LoC)—claims dismissed by Indian officials as part of a broader misinformation campaign.
As both sides bolster their aerial and electronic warfare capabilities, analysts warn of the growing role of UAVs in this “new drone era” of conflict. Drones are being increasingly used not just for surveillance but also for cross-border attacks, offering a low-cost, deniable method of escalation that can complicate traditional military responses. Global observers have expressed concern over the potential for miscalculation and have urged restraint from both countries.
India has recently enhanced its drone arsenal through procurement deals with the United States, acquiring advanced platforms like the MQ-9 Reaper, while also expanding indigenous programs that include the Netra, Harpy, and other systems designed for real-time surveillance and enemy radar suppression. In parallel, the Indian Air Force has confirmed the downing of multiple Pakistani fighter jets attempting to violate Indian airspace, further raising the stakes in this volatile confrontation.
The Garud Commandos, known for their battlefield versatility and training in hostile environments such as Kashmir, have proven to be a critical asset in India’s counter-drone strategy. As India adapts to the challenges of modern asymmetric warfare, these elite forces are expected to play a central role in defending strategic assets and countering evolving threats from unmanned platforms.
With no signs of immediate de-escalation, the focus now turns to how both nations manage this technologically advanced conflict while navigating international pressure to avoid a full-scale war.
In a significant statement amid escalating regional tensions, Air Marshal AK Bharti of the Indian Air Force confirmed that the IAF successfully repelled multiple Pakistani aircraft attempting to breach Indian airspace. Addressing the media at a press briefing, Air Marshal Bharti emphasized that Indian air defences responded with precision, effectively thwarting the incursion and ensuring that no Pakistani fighter jets penetrated Indian skies. He stated that a number of Pakistani aircraft were brought down during the aerial engagement, although he declined to provide exact figures, citing the need for further technical evaluation and post-mission analysis.
The announcement comes against the backdrop of intensifying military engagements between India and Pakistan, with both sides reporting the use of advanced air assets and increased operational readiness. Bharti’s remarks serve as a strong assertion of the Indian Air Force’s preparedness and strategic control in high-stakes scenarios. The incident reflects the current volatility in bilateral relations, with aerial confrontations becoming a focal point in the ongoing standoff.
The Indian Air Force’s swift and decisive action is being viewed as a demonstration of deterrence and aerial dominance in a complex security environment. As both nations continue to exchange claims of downing sophisticated fighter aircraft, the Indian defence establishment has reiterated its commitment to safeguarding national airspace and maintaining operational superiority. Further details are expected to emerge as technical teams assess radar data, debris evidence, and intelligence inputs.
Intercontinental ballistic missiles have fundamentally altered the global military balance, with their ability to deliver nuclear warheads across distances exceeding 5,500 kilometers in just minutes. These sophisticated weapons represent the pinnacle of military technology and strategic deterrence capabilities.
Russia’s RS-28 Sarmat, widely considered the strongest missile in the world, exemplifies this deadly advancement with its unprecedented 18,000-kilometer range and capacity to carry up to 15 nuclear warheads. Similarly, China’s DF-41 presents a formidable threat with its 14,000-kilometer reach, allowing it to strike anywhere in Europe or North America within 20 minutes. The United States maintains its nuclear deterrence primarily through the aging but reliable LGM-30 Minuteman III, operational since the 1970s with a 13,000-kilometer range. These deadliest missiles in the world continue to shape international relations and defense strategies.
The race for supremacy in nuclear ballistic missile technology remains intense. While Russia’s intercontinental ballistic missiles like the RS-28 Sarmat represent new developments, the U.S. maintains significant firepower with 405 Minuteman-III ICBMs deployed across three bases. Additionally, the U.S. Navy’s 14 Ohio-class submarines carry 288 Trident II missiles, each capable of delivering multiple warheads at ranges up to 12,000 kilometers. Although less discussed, India’s Agni-V, with its range of 5,000-8,000 kilometers, represents the country’s growing strategic capabilities since becoming operational in 2021.
The RS-28 Sarmat represents Russia’s next-generation nuclear deterrent, developed to replace the aging Soviet-era R-36M2 Voyevoda ICBMs. Nicknamed “Satan 2” by Western media outlets, this super-heavy intercontinental ballistic missile began development in the 2000s, with Russia awarding production contracts to Makeyev Design Bureau and NPOMash in early 2011. The missile officially entered operational service in September 2023, although its deployment has faced numerous technical challenges and testing setbacks.
RS-28 Sarmat specifications
The Sarmat is a three-stage, liquid-fueled missile with impressive dimensions and capabilities. This silo-based system stands as one of the largest intercontinental ballistic missiles currently in service.
Specification
Details
Length
35.3 meters
Diameter
3.0 meters
Launch weight
208,100 kg
Propulsion
Three-stage, liquid-fueled
Class
Heavy Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
NATO designation
SS-X-30
Alternate name
Satan II
Basing
Silo-based
Furthermore, the RS-28 Sarmat features advanced engineering elements, including an orthogrid structure in its booster casing that saves weight and improves structural strength. Its propulsion system likely uses a derivative of an existing engine, possibly related to the RD-274, with a four-nozzle configuration during first-stage propulsion as indicated by test footage. The missile also employs a “cold launch” system that ejects it from its silo using pressurized gas before the main engines ignite.
RS-28 Sarmat range and payload
The RS-28 Sarmat boasts extraordinary range capabilities that effectively allow it to strike targets anywhere on Earth. With a maximum range of 18,000 kilometers, this intercontinental ballistic missile can deliver devastating firepower to any continent. During its first publicized test launch on April 20, 2022, the missile reportedly took approximately 20 minutes to fly 6,000 kilometers to its target at the Kura range in Kamchatka.
In terms of payload capacity, the Sarmat can carry over 10 tons, making it exceptionally versatile in terms of warhead configuration. According to Russian sources, the missile can be equipped with:
Up to 10 heavy nuclear warheads
Up to 16 smaller warheads
A combination of warheads and countermeasures
Hypersonic Avangard boost-glide vehicles
The missile’s significant throw weight serves as a hedge against potential improvements in US strike capabilities and missile defenses. Moreover, this massive payload capacity represents three times as many MIRVs as Russia’s solid-fueled RS-24 Yars system.
RS-28 Sarmat deployment status
Despite claims of operational deployment, the RS-28 Sarmat has experienced a troubled development history. The missile first completed a prototype in late 2015, followed by silo ejection tests in December 2017, March 2018, and May 2018. However, the program has faced numerous delays and setbacks.
The first flight test was conducted on April 20, 2022, much later than initially planned. Russian President Vladimir Putin announced in December 2022 that the RS-28 Sarmat had been operationally deployed with the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. Subsequently, on September 1, 2023, Yuri Borisov, the head of Russian state space corporation Roscosmos, claimed the system had been put on combat duty.
Nevertheless, according to recent reports, the missile suffered what appears to be a catastrophic failure during its latest test on September 21, 2024. This follows at least one other failed flight test and two canceled tests since its initial 2022 test launch. Currently, Russia is continuing work to put the Sarmat on combat duty, though the timeline remains uncertain given these setbacks.
The missile is reportedly intended for deployment with the 13th Red Banner Rocket Division at Dombarovsky Air Base and with the 62nd Red Banner Rocket Division at Uzhur, replacing the previous R-36M ICBMs at these locations.
RS-28 Sarmat strategic impact
The RS-28 Sarmat holds significant strategic importance in Russia’s nuclear deterrence strategy. As a critical component of Russia’s nuclear triad, the missile is designed to bypass advanced missile defense systems through its speed, maneuverability, and countermeasures.
One key strategic advantage is the missile’s ability to elude anti-missile defense systems with a short initial boost phase, giving enemy surveillance systems a tiny window to track. President Putin has emphasized this feature, stating that it shortens the interval when the missile can be tracked by satellites with infrared sensors such as the U.S. Space-Based Infrared System.
Additionally, the Sarmat provides Russia with Fractional Orbital Bombardment capability that can fly a trajectory over the South Pole to targets in the United States. This unconventional approach allows it to evade missile defense systems in the northern United States. The system is also equipped with the ‘Mozyr’ active protection system, designed to negate a potential adversary’s first strike advantage.
Consequently, while Russia has a diverse nuclear arsenal, its silo-based ICBMs like the Sarmat hold particular significance due to their payload capacity and strategic positioning in the nuclear deterrence equation. Despite ongoing technical difficulties, the RS-28 represents a potentially formidable advancement in nuclear delivery systems that could influence the strategic balance between major powers for decades to come.
The LGM-30G Minuteman III stands as America’s sole operational land-based intercontinental ballistic missile and serves as a cornerstone of the U.S. nuclear triad. First deployed in June 1970, this solid-fueled ICBM has undergone numerous modernization efforts yet remains fundamentally the same missile that entered service over five decades ago. Currently, the Air Force is preparing to replace these aging missiles with the LGM-35A Sentinel ICBM system, ensuring the continued viability of the land-based nuclear deterrent.
LGM-30G Minuteman III specifications
The Minuteman III features a three-stage solid-propellant design that offers reliability, reduced maintenance requirements, and rapid launch capability compared to liquid-fueled predecessors.
Specification
Details
Length
18.2 meters (59.9 feet)
Diameter
1.67 meters (5.5 feet)
Launch weight
36,030 kilograms (79,432 pounds)
Propulsion
Three solid-propellant rocket motors
First stage thrust
203,158 pounds
Second stage thrust
60,793 pounds
Third stage thrust
35,086 pounds
Max speed
Approximately 24,000 km/h (15,000 mph) at burnout
Ceiling
1,120 kilometers (700 miles)
The missile utilizes a three-stage propulsion system with solid-fuel rockets manufactured by ATK, including a refurbished M55A1 first stage, SR-19 second stage, and SR-73 third stage. This configuration enables extremely fast acceleration, helping to reduce the likelihood of interception by enemy defense systems.
LGM-30G Minuteman III range and payload
The Minuteman III offers impressive range capabilities, allowing it to strike targets virtually anywhere in the world. Its maximum range exceeds 13,000 kilometers (8,100 miles), though official sources typically list it as “6,000-plus miles” (approximately 9,700 kilometers). This strategic reach enables the missile to strike targets across continents within minutes of launch.
Regarding payload capacity, the Minuteman III was historically the world’s first missile to carry Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs). Originally equipped to carry three separate warheads, each missile has been limited to a single warhead under international treaty agreements since 2005. The current warhead options include:
W78 warhead with yield of 335-350 kilotons
W87 warhead with yield of 300 kilotons
The missile’s guidance system has been upgraded throughout its service life, improving its accuracy from an original Circular Error Probable (CEP) of about 200 meters to approximately 120 meters.
LGM-30G Minuteman III deployment status
As of 2025, the U.S. maintains a force of 400 operational Minuteman III missiles, distributed among three Air Force bases:
90th Missile Wing at F.E. Warren AFB, Wyoming
341st Missile Wing at Malmstrom AFB, Montana
91st Missile Wing at Minot AFB, North Dakota
Each missile is housed in a hardened underground silo designed to withstand nuclear attack. These silos are connected to underground Launch Control Centers (LCCs) through hardened cable systems. Launch crews consisting of two officers maintain 24/7 alert status in these centers, ready to execute launch commands if ordered.
Additionally, the system incorporates specially configured E-6B airborne launch control center aircraft that can automatically assume command of isolated missiles should ground communication be disrupted. This redundancy ensures the president’s launch orders can be executed even in worst-case scenarios.
LGM-30G Minuteman III strategic impact
The Minuteman III represents a critical element of America’s nuclear deterrence strategy. Unlike Russia’s recent RS-28 Sarmat, the Minuteman system emphasizes reliability over raw destructive power. Its key strategic advantages include:
Nearly 100 percent testing reliability
Fast launch capability (approximately 60 seconds from order to launch)
Widely dispersed basing that complicates enemy targeting
Backup airborne launch controllers that preserve retaliatory capabilities
Throughout its service life, the Minuteman III has undergone significant modernization efforts, including the Guidance Replacement Program that updated its original computer systems with radiation-resistant semiconductor RAM, improved solid rocket fuel, and enhanced electrical power systems.
The Air Force plans to replace the Minuteman III with the Ground-Based Strategic Deterrent (GBSD) system, now designated the LGM-35A Sentinel. This program successfully completed its integrated baseline review around April 2021 and is scheduled to achieve initial operational capability by 2029. Until then, the Minuteman III continues to fulfill its role as America’s land-based nuclear deterrent.
China’s DF-41 intercontinental ballistic missile represents the most advanced strategic weapon in Beijing’s nuclear arsenal, first publicly revealed at a military parade in 2019 celebrating the 70th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China. Developed as part of the Dongfeng (“East Wind”) missile series, this fourth-generation ICBM began development in July 1986 and underwent extensive testing between 2012 and 2018, with analysts estimating six to eight flight tests prior to deployment.
DF-41 specifications
The DF-41 features an impressive set of technical specifications that place it among the most powerful intercontinental ballistic missiles currently operational:
Specification
Details
Chinese/US designation
DF-41 / CSS-X-10
Length
20-22 meters
Diameter
2.25 meters
Launch weight
80,000 kg
Propulsion
Three-stage, solid propellant
Guidance system
Inertial with stellar/satellite updates
Accuracy (CEP)
Approximately 100 meters
Basing options
Road-mobile, rail-mobile, silo-based
In contrast to many liquid-fueled missiles, the DF-41’s solid propellant design offers enhanced reliability, reduced maintenance requirements, plus faster deployment time. Furthermore, the missile’s relatively compact dimensions enable various deployment options that maximize survivability.
DF-41 range and payload
Among the most significant features of the DF-41 is its exceptional range of 12,000-15,000 kilometers, making it China’s longest-range missile. This impressive reach allows the DF-41 to target virtually anywhere in the continental United States from mainland China.
Even more remarkable is the missile’s payload capacity. With an estimated payload weight of 2,500 kg, the DF-41 can reportedly carry up to 10 multiple independently-targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) with nuclear warheads. Yet, most experts believe a typical warload configuration includes fewer MIRVs alongside several penetration aids designed to challenge missile defense systems.
DF-41 deployment status
After decades of development, the DF-41 likely entered limited production around 2019. At China’s 70th anniversary parade on October 1, 2019, sixteen DF-41 launchers were publicly displayed, confirming the system’s operational status.
The missile is primarily road-mobile, carried by a Tian HTF5980 special wheeled chassis with 16×16 wheel configuration. This vehicle provides substantial cross-country mobility across various terrain types, yet remains optimized for hard-surface roads. Beyond the road-mobile version, evidence indicates China has developed both rail-mobile and silo-based variants.
Currently, analysts believe China maintains at least 20 operational DF-41 missiles, possibly organized into two brigades as indicated by Chinese sources during the 2019 parade. Moreover, as of November 2022, China continues constructing additional silos specifically designed for DF-41 ICBMs.
DF-41 strategic impact
The DF-41 presents several significant strategic challenges for adversaries. Primarily, its combination of extreme range, MIRV capability, and diverse deployment options makes it extraordinarily difficult to track, target, or intercept.
The road-mobile versions offer exceptional survivability by utilizing China’s vast tunnel network, emerging only during crises to move to remote launch positions. Likewise, the rail-mobile variant creates unique tracking challenges as launchers can be disguised as passenger trains, utilize high-speed rail networks, and exploit tunnels for protection from satellite surveillance.
Recently, China has accelerated silo construction for DF-41 missiles, with U.S. intelligence identifying approximately 120 new silos in Gansu province. This expansion represents the largest growth in China’s land-based nuclear capabilities in history, fundamentally altering strategic calculations.
Beyond pure numbers, the DF-41’s technical capabilities – particularly its MIRV warheads – provide China with enhanced ability to overwhelm missile defense systems, thereby strengthening its nuclear deterrence posture vis-à-vis the United States and other nuclear powers.
Deployed aboard submarines of both the United States and United Kingdom navies, the UGM-133 Trident II D5 missile serves as the backbone of the sea-based nuclear deterrent for both nations. This submarine-launched ballistic missile, initially deployed in March 1990, represents one of the most reliable and accurate submarine-launched nuclear delivery systems ever developed. As a key element of the U.S. strategic nuclear triad, the Trident II complements land-based ICBMs with mobile launch platforms that are inherently more difficult to target.
UGM-133 Trident II specifications
The Trident II D5 boasts impressive technical specifications that enable its exceptional performance capabilities:
Specification
Details
Length
13.42 m (44 ft 6.6 in)
Diameter
2.11 m (6 ft 11 in)
Launch weight
59,090 kg (130,000 lbs)
Propulsion
Three-stage solid propellant
Guidance system
Inertial with stellar reference update
Accuracy (CEP)
90 meters
Manufacturer
Lockheed Martin Space
Unit cost
Approximately $37.5 million (2019)
Notably, all three stages of the Trident II are constructed of graphite epoxy, making the missile considerably lighter than conventional designs. This weight reduction contributes to its extended range and payload capacity.
UGM-133 Trident II range and payload
The Trident II showcases extraordinary range capabilities, with maximum reach of 12,000 kilometers (7,500 miles), enabling it to strike targets virtually anywhere on Earth from patrol areas. Even with a full warhead load, the missile maintains substantial range, though this can decrease depending on payload configuration and flight profile.
Regarding payload capacity, the missile carries a Post-Boost Vehicle (PBV) that can deploy up to:
8 MIRV Mk-5 warheads with W88 (475 kt yield)
12 MIRV Mk-4/Mk-4A warheads with W76-0 (100 kt yield) or W76-1 (90 kt yield)
Low-yield W76-2 (5-7 kt) warheads for non-strategic roles
In practice, each missile typically carries fewer warheads due to treaty limitations, with the New START treaty capping deployable warheads at eight per missile.
UGM-133 Trident II deployment status
Currently, the Trident II D5 is deployed on 14 U.S. Ohio-class submarines and 4 British Vanguard-class submarines. Each Ohio-class submarine carries 20 missiles, reduced from 24 to comply with the New START treaty, while each Vanguard-class carries 16 missiles.
The missile’s reliability has been exceptional, with 191 successful test flights since design completion in 1989. Across all testing, including both sea and land launches, the system has achieved 207 successes out of 215 total launches.
Looking ahead, both nations plan to maintain the Trident II system well into the future. The U.S. initiated the D5 Life Extension Program (D5LEP) in 2002, replacing obsolete components with commercial off-the-shelf hardware to maintain performance while controlling costs. Simultaneously, both countries are developing new submarines—the Columbia-class for the U.S. and the Dreadnought-class for the UK—designed specifically to carry Trident II missiles into the 2050s.
UGM-133 Trident II strategic impact
The Trident II represents a critical strategic asset for both the United States and United Kingdom. Indeed, its combination of accuracy, range, and survivability makes it particularly valuable as a second-strike weapon that ensures retaliatory capability even after an enemy first strike.
From a strategic perspective, the system enhances deterrence by providing a survivable sea-based capability that can engage the full spectrum of potential targets. Because submarine-launched missiles are inherently more difficult to track and target than fixed land-based systems, they increase uncertainty for potential adversaries.
Essentially, the missile’s increased payload flexibility accommodates various treaty requirements, allowing both nations to adjust their strategic posture in response to changing international conditions. This adaptability, combined with exceptional reliability, ensures that the Trident II will remain a cornerstone of Western nuclear deterrence for decades to come.
First entering service in 2010, the RS-24 Yars intercontinental ballistic missile represents a significant evolution in Russia’s nuclear arsenal, essentially serving as a MIRVed version of the older Topol-M system. This formidable weapon, designed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology, can be deployed in both road-mobile and silo-based configurations, providing Russia with flexible strategic options.
RS-24 Yars specifications
The RS-24 Yars features impressive technical parameters that establish it as one of Russia’s most capable nuclear delivery systems:
Specification
Details
Russian/NATO designation
RS-24 Yars/SS-29 or SS-27 Mod 2
Length
22.5 meters
Diameter
2.0 meters
Launch weight
49,600 kg
Propulsion
Three-stage solid-fueled
Guidance system
Inertial with possible GLONASS (satellite) updates
Accuracy (CEP)
100-250 meters
Maximum speed
Mach 25 (30,600 km/h)
Basing options
Road-mobile, silo-based
RS-24 Yars range and payload
The missile boasts an exceptional operational range between 10,500-12,000 kilometers, enabling it to strike targets across continents. In fact, some sources suggest a maximum reach up to 12,000 kilometers with a minimum range of 2,000 kilometers.
Regarding payload capacity, the RS-24 Yars can carry Multiple Independently targetable Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs). Different sources indicate varying capacities—from three to four warheads up to potentially ten MIRVs. Each warhead delivers a substantial nuclear yield of 150-300 kilotons.
RS-24 Yars deployment status
Currently, Russia has deployed both mobile and silo-based variants of the RS-24 Yars. As of November 2019, there were “more than 150” launchers operational, with this number likely increasing to approximately 204 missiles by the end of 2023.
The missile requires only seven minutes to prepare for launch, providing rapid response capability. At present, Russia continues to receive “around 20” Yars complexes annually, steadily modernizing its strategic forces.
RS-24 Yars strategic impact
The RS-24 Yars offers significant strategic advantages that make it among the deadliest missiles in Russia’s arsenal. Above all, its ability to maneuver during flight and deploy both active and passive decoys gives it substantial advantages against modern missile defense systems.
Additionally, the mobile variants utilize Russia’s vast network of roads, making them difficult to track and target. Together with its silo-based counterparts, the RS-24 Yars forms a vital component of Russia’s nuclear deterrence strategy—expected to remain in service for approximately 20 more years.
India joined the elite club of nations possessing intercontinental ballistic missile technology with the development of Agni-V, a weapon that significantly altered the strategic equilibrium in Asia. Developed by the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), this nuclear-capable missile first underwent testing in April 2012 from Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha, marking a watershed moment in India’s indigenous defense capabilities.
Agni-V specifications
The Agni-V features advanced engineering characteristics that place it among sophisticated nuclear delivery systems globally:
Specification
Details
Length
17.5 meters
Diameter
2.0 meters
Launch weight
50,000–56,000 kg
Propulsion
Three-stage solid-fueled
Guidance system
Ring Laser Gyro-based Inertial Navigation
Maximum speed
Estimated ~Mach 24 (approx. 29,400 km/h)
Basing
Road-mobile (canisterized launch)
Launch platform
Transporter Erector Launcher (TEL)
As a “canisterized” missile, the Agni-V employs a sealed container design that reduces maintenance requirements yet simultaneously decreases launch preparation time. This cold-launch system ejects the missile using pressurized gas before the rocket motor ignites.
Agni-V range and payload
The Agni-V boasts impressive operational parameters suitable for strategic deterrence. Its range varies according to different sources, with official statements generally indicating 5,000-5,500 kilometers. Therefore, analysts believe the actual range extends to 7,000-8,000 kilometers[241], especially with lighter payloads.
Regarding payload capacity, the missile can carry a nuclear warhead weighing 1,500-1,650 kilograms. Notably, recent tests confirmed Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) capability through Mission Divyastra, enabling a single missile to deploy multiple warheads at different targets. Hence, this technology essentially functions as a “force multiplier” according to former DRDO Director Dr. V.K. Saraswat.
Agni-V deployment status
Following its maiden test in 2012, the Agni-V underwent several subsequent tests in 2013, 2015, 2016, and 2018. The missile transitioned from open launching to canister-based deployment in January 2015. After successful user trials, the Strategic Forces Command officially inducted the system around 2019.
Most recently, India successfully tested the MIRV-capable variant in March 2024 under codename Mission Divyastra. Defense Minister Rajnath Singh subsequently confirmed the operational deployment of this advanced variant, placing India among select nations possessing this technology.
Agni-V strategic impact
The Agni-V represents a significant strategic asset for India, primarily because its range enables coverage of the entire Chinese mainland, including eastern coastal regions. Furthermore, it provides India with credible second-strike capability against potential adversaries.
The missile’s MIRV technology adds another dimension by allowing multiple targets to be engaged simultaneously, complicating enemy defense calculations. In addition, MIRVs make the missile more difficult to intercept as they overwhelm ballistic missile defense systems through multiple warheads plus decoys.
Overall, the Agni-V serves as a cornerstone of India’s nuclear deterrence posture, especially considering reported plans for an even more capable Agni-VI with range exceeding 10,000 kilometers that would extend India’s reach across Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and parts of North America.
North Korea hails the Hwasong-17 as their most powerful nuclear weapon system, describing it as the “world’s strongest strategic weapon”. Unveiled at a military parade in October 2020, this massive intercontinental ballistic missile represents a significant advancement in Pyongyang’s nuclear delivery capabilities, attracting international concern for its potential to strike targets throughout the continental United States.
Hwasong-17 specifications
The Hwasong-17 stands out as the largest road-mobile, liquid-fuelled ICBM currently in existence. Its intimidating dimensions and technical parameters establish it as North Korea’s premier strategic weapon:
The Hwasong-17 possesses extraordinary range capabilities, estimated at 15,000 kilometers according to Japanese Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada. This range effectively places the entire continental United States within striking distance. During testing, the missile demonstrated impressive flight parameters, reaching altitudes of approximately 6,000 kilometers while traveling about 1,000 kilometers horizontally.
Regarding payload capacity, analysts believe the system can deliver a substantial warhead weighing between 2,000-3,500 kg. Furthermore, the missile’s large diameter suggests it may eventually carry multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), potentially 3-4 warheads depending on size.
Hwasong-17 deployment status
Following its public reveal in 2020, North Korea conducted multiple test launches of the Hwasong-17. The first successful test occurred on March 24, 2022, although South Korean intelligence disputed this claim. Nevertheless, confirmed tests took place on November 18, 2022, and March 16, 2023.
Currently, North Korea maintains at least 11 Hwasong-17 missiles. These weapons represent the pinnacle of North Korea’s estimated 55 nuclear warheads produced from approximately 70kg of enriched nuclear material.
Hwasong-17 strategic impact
The Hwasong-17 profoundly alters strategic calculations between North Korea and potential adversaries. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un described it as demonstrating “North Korea’s resolve and ability to eventually build the world’s strongest army”. Besides the psychological impact, the missile’s technical capabilities present practical challenges for missile defense systems.
Most concerning, its potential MIRV capability could overwhelm existing defense systems by deploying multiple warheads plus decoys from a single missile. At this point, even launching just a few missiles would be sufficient to penetrate United States defensive measures.
Comparison Table
Comparison of World’s Deadliest ICBMs (2025)
Missile Name
Country
Length (m)
Diameter (m)
Launch Weight (kg)
Range (km)
Propulsion Type
Warhead Capacity
Current Deployment
RS-28 Sarmat
Russia
35.3
3.0
208,100
18,000
Three-stage liquid
Up to 15 warheads
Limited operational deployment
LGM-30G Minuteman III
USA
18.2
1.67
36,030
13,000
Three-stage solid
Single warhead (post-2005)
400 operational missiles
DF-41
China
20-22
2.25
80,000
12,000-15,000
Three-stage solid
Up to 10 MIRVs
At least 20 operational
UGM-133 Trident II
USA/UK
13.42
2.11
59,090
12,000
Three-stage solid
Up to 8-12 MIRVs
14 US + 4 UK submarines
RS-24 Yars
Russia
22.5
2.0
49,600
10,500-12,000
Three-stage solid
3-10 MIRVs
~204 missiles
Agni-V
India
17.5
2.0
50,000-56,000
5,000-8,000
Three-stage solid
MIRV capable
Operational
Hwasong-17
North Korea
24-26
2.4-2.5
80,000-110,000
15,000
Two-stage liquid
2,000-3,500 kg payload
At least 11 missiles
Conclusion
The evolution of intercontinental ballistic missile technology has fundamentally altered global military dynamics. These seven systems represent the pinnacle of strategic deterrence capabilities across major nuclear powers. Russia’s RS-28 Sarmat undoubtedly stands as the most physically imposing system with its 35.3-meter length and incredible 18,000-kilometer range, though deployment challenges have limited its operational effectiveness. Meanwhile, the United States maintains strategic stability through its aging but exceptionally reliable Minuteman III system alongside the submarine-launched Trident II missiles, essentially creating a two-pronged approach to nuclear deterrence.
China’s DF-41 deserves special attention for its flexibility in deployment options and significant MIRV capabilities. This system consequently provides Beijing with unprecedented strategic reach, particularly against American assets. Furthermore, though less discussed internationally, India’s Agni-V represents a significant regional power shift with its MIRV capability and extended range. Russia’s RS-24 Yars offers similar capabilities through a more mature, field-tested platform that forms the backbone of their land-based nuclear forces.
North Korea’s Hwasong-17, though technologically less sophisticated than western counterparts, nevertheless represents a significant strategic challenge given its 15,000-kilometer range that theoretically places the entire continental United States within striking distance. The missile’s massive dimensions and payload capacity make it particularly concerning despite uncertainty about its reliability and accuracy.
These advanced weapons systems thus continue to shape international relations through their mere existence rather than actual use. Their primary purpose remains deterrence—preventing conflict by ensuring that any nuclear attack would face devastating retaliation. Therefore, understanding these systems provides crucial insight into current geopolitical dynamics and the strategic calculations made by world powers. As missile defense technologies evolve alongside offensive capabilities, the balance between these deadly systems will ultimately determine global strategic stability for decades to come.
FAQs
Q1. What is currently considered the most powerful ICBM in the world?
The RS-28 Sarmat, developed by Russia, is widely regarded as the most powerful ICBM. It has an unprecedented range of 18,000 kilometers, can carry up to 15 nuclear warheads, and travels at hypersonic speeds, making it extremely difficult to intercept.
Q2. How does India’s Agni-V missile compare to other global ICBMs?
The Agni-V is India’s most advanced ICBM, with a range of 5,000-8,000 kilometers. While not as long-ranged as some other ICBMs, it is MIRV-capable and provides India with the ability to strike targets across most of Asia, significantly altering regional strategic balance.
Q3. Which country currently possesses the largest number of ICBMs?
As of 2025, Russia maintains the largest ICBM arsenal, with an estimated 306 strategic missiles capable of carrying up to 1,185 nuclear warheads. This gives Russia significant strategic deterrence capabilities on the global stage.
Q4. What makes the DF-41 ICBM particularly significant for China’s military capabilities?
The DF-41 is China’s most advanced ICBM, featuring a range of 12,000-15,000 kilometers and the ability to carry up to 10 MIRVs. Its diverse deployment options, including road-mobile, rail-mobile, and silo-based variants, enhance its survivability and strategic flexibility.
Q5. How has North Korea’s development of the Hwasong-17 ICBM impacted global security concerns?
The Hwasong-17, North Korea’s largest ICBM, has raised significant international concerns due to its estimated 15,000-kilometer range, potentially allowing it to strike targets throughout the continental United States. Its large payload capacity and potential for future MIRV capability present new challenges for missile defence systems.
Commodore Raghu R. Nair, a senior Indian Navy officer, has emerged as a prominent figure in India’s military leadership during a time of critical geopolitical tension. He drew nationwide attention for his composed and authoritative presence at the Defence Ministry’s tri-service press conference following the recent India-Pakistan confrontation, where he, alongside Colonel Sofia Qureshi and Wing Commander Vyomika Singh, announced the ceasefire agreement and reiterated India’s commitment to sovereignty and peace.
Watch: Commodore Raghu R Nair says, "In conclusion, let me reiterate that while we will adhere to the understanding reached today, the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force remain fully prepared, ever vigilant and committed to defending the sovereignty and integrity of the motherland.… pic.twitter.com/zxCjbl9p4S
An alumnus of the 54th Naval Academy Course, Commodore Nair holds advanced military qualifications from the prestigious Defence Services Staff College and the Naval War College. With over two decades of service, he has held numerous strategic and command appointments in the Indian Navy. One of his notable roles includes being the commanding officer of INS Chennai, a Kolkata-class guided missile destroyer, during anti-piracy operations and international naval deployments.
Career Highlights
Commodore Nair’s leadership was notably visible during Operation Brahma, where he oversaw humanitarian relief efforts after the devastating March 2025 earthquakes in Myanmar and Thailand. Earlier, in July 2023, he commanded the Indian Navy’s contingent at France’s Bastille Day Parade, marking a symbolic display of India’s growing defence ties with France.
In 2025, as tensions escalated following a major terrorist attack in Kashmir, Commodore Nair led the Navy’s public communications effort during Operation Sindoor, countering Pakistan’s disinformation campaigns and projecting India’s readiness with clarity and confidence.
Awards and Honours
For his exemplary service, Commodore Nair was awarded the Nao Sena Medal by the President of India on Republic Day 2025. The award recognises his “devotion to duty” and significant contributions to both operational leadership and strategic defence communication.
Public Role and Recognition
Beyond operational command, Commodore Nair has taken on a critical public-facing role, articulating the Navy’s position in times of national crisis. His strategic clarity, diplomatic presence, and commitment to national security have made him one of the most trusted and recognised military figures of 2025.
Commodore Raghu R. Nair exemplifies a modern military leader — operationally tested, diplomatically seasoned, and strategically articulate. Whether on the decks of a destroyer or at a global press briefing, his leadership continues to reinforce India’s maritime strength and strategic resolve.
In a tragic incident, Airman Kamal Kamboj of the Indian Air Force lost his life in a road accident on May 8, 2025. Hailing from Lohari Ragho village in Hisar, Haryana, Kamboj’s untimely death has deeply saddened his community and the nation at large. His funeral was held with full military honors in his hometown, where residents gathered to pay tribute to the brave soul who served the country with dedication.
Kamboj’s death has raised awareness about the risks that military personnel face even outside of active combat. Despite the Indian Armed Forces’ robust training and operational readiness, road accidents remain a significant concern, with many soldiers falling victim to such incidents. According to data from the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, road accidents continue to be a leading cause of fatalities among both civilians and armed forces members. Government reports reveal that over 1,500 military personnel lost their lives in road accidents between 2010 and 2020.
The sorrowful event has sparked an outpouring of condolences, as people across the nation express their respect for Kamboj’s service and sacrifice. This tragic loss serves as a stark reminder of the need for enhanced road safety measures to protect not only the general public but also the brave men and women in uniform who risk their lives to safeguard the nation.
